比特币闪电网络

Lightning网络是一种二层解决方案，旨在通过实现更快，更具成本效益的交易来解决比特币的可扩展性问题。

The Bitcoin Lightning Network is a second-layer solution that builds on the Bitcoin blockchain to enable faster and more cost-effective transactions. It's designed to address Bitcoin's scalability issues, which arise from the main chain’s limited throughput.

比特币闪电网络是第二层解决方案，它构建在比特币区块链上，以实现更快，更具成本效益的交易。它旨在解决比特币的可伸缩性问题，这是由主链有限的吞吐量引起的。

As transaction volume increases, especially during periods of high activity, the Bitcoin network can become congested, leading to slower transaction times and higher fees as miners prioritize transactions with higher fees. This characteristic of Bitcoin has been a subject of discussion, with some arguing that it undermines the cryptocurrency’s efficiency, particularly for small-value payments.

随着交易量的增加，尤其是在高活动期间，比特币网络可能会变得拥挤，从而导致交易时间较慢，并且随着矿工优先考虑较高费用的交易。比特币的这种特征一直是讨论的主题，有些人认为它破坏了加密货币的效率，尤其是对于小价值支付而言。

To solve this problem, Joseph Poon and Tadge Dryja proposed the Lightning Network in 2015, drawing on Satoshi Nakamoto’s concept of payment channels. Their idea was to move transaction activity off the main chain to reduce congestion and allow for faster transaction speeds.

为了解决这个问题，约瑟夫·波恩（Joseph Poon）和塔德·德莱贾（Tadge Dryja）在2015年提出了闪电网络，利用了纳卡本（Satoshi Nakamoto）的付款渠道概念。他们的想法是将交易活动从主链中移动，以降低交通拥堵并允许更快的交易速度。

Poon and Dryja’s proposal was based on two-party channels, where users could lock up Bitcoin in a shared address and then transfer funds directly through a series of cryptographic signatures, effectively performing transactions “off-chain.” These transactions would only be settled on-chain when the channel was closed, allowing for multiple transactions to be bundled into a single blockchain transaction, thereby reducing transaction costs.

Poon和Dryja的提议基于两党渠道，用户可以在共享地址中锁定比特币，然后直接通过一系列加密签名转移资金，从而有效地执行“离链”交易。这些交易只有在关闭通道时才会在链上解决，从而使多次交易捆绑成单个区块链交易，从而降低交易成本。

After the initial proposal, development on the Lightning Network began in 2014 with the release of a beta version of the software by Lightning Labs. The project quickly gained traction with the support of industry figures like Jack Dorsey, CEO of Block (formerly Square), who integrated the Lightning Network into the company’s payment services.

在最初的提案之后，闪电网络的开发始于2014年，随着Lightning Labs发布了该软件的Beta版本。该项目迅速获得了行业人物的支持，例如Block（以前是Square）的首席执行官杰克·多尔西（Jack Dorsey），后者将闪电网络纳入了公司的支付服务。

Over time, the ecosystem around the Lightning Network has expanded with the development of new technologies and services. Some notable innovations include Keysend, which enables users to easily receive payments through a unique code, and Wumbo Channels, which allow for larger channel capacity.

随着时间的流逝，随着新技术和服务的开发，闪电网络周围的生态系统一直在扩展。一些值得注意的创新包括Keysend，它使用户可以通过独特的代码和Wumbo渠道轻松获得付款，从而允许更大的频道容量。

Several services have also been launched to facilitate and enhance the use of the Lightning Network. Loop, developed by Bitcoin startup Agiro Technologies, enables users to seamlessly transfer funds between their Lightning Network wallets and centralized cryptocurrency exchanges. Pool, a service created by Lightning Labs, allows users to aggregate small payments into larger batches for more efficient processing.

还推出了几项服务，以促进和增强闪电网络的使用。由比特币启动AGIRO Technologies开发的LOOP使用户能够在其闪电网络钱包和集中的加密货币交换之间无缝传输资金。泳池是由Lightning Labs创建的服务，允许用户将小额付款汇总为更大的批次，以进行更有效的处理。

Taro, developed by Blockstream, introduces the capability to mint and transfer tokenized assets on the Lightning Network, expanding its functionality beyond Bitcoin. Faraday, a service created by Lightning Labs, focuses on providing a user-friendly interface for interacting with the Lightning Network, aiming to make it more accessible to a broader audience.

由BlockStream开发的塔罗（Taro）在闪电网络上介绍了铸造和传输令牌资产的能力，从而将其功能扩展到了比特币之外。闪电实验室（Lightning Labs）创建的一项服务Faraday致力于提供一个用户友好的界面，以与闪电网络进行交互，旨在使更广泛的受众更容易获得。

Through these innovations and services, the Lightning Network ecosystem continues to evolve, expanding the possibilities for using Bitcoin in new and interesting ways.

通过这些创新和服务，闪电网络生态系统继续发展，扩大了以新颖有趣的方式使用比特币的可能性。

Key Benefits of the Lightning Network

闪电网络的主要好处

The Lightning Network offers several advantages that enhance Bitcoin’s usability and expand its potential use cases.

闪电网络提供了一些优势，可增强比特币的可用性并扩大其潜在用例。

1. Scalability

1。可伸缩性

As a second-layer solution operating parallel to the main Bitcoin chain, the Lightning Network can process transactions much faster and more efficiently, overcoming the throughput limitations of the Bitcoin blockchain. This property is crucial for handling the increasing transaction volume during periods of high activity.

作为平行于比特币链的第二层解决方案，闪电网络可以更快，更有效地处理交易，从而克服比特币区块链的吞吐量限制。该特性对于处理高活动期间的交易量的增加至关重要。

2. Speed

2。速度

Transactions on the Lightning Network are typically executed within a few seconds, in contrast to the average transaction times on the Bitcoin blockchain, which can vary but are usually measured in minutes. This speed differential is due to the time required for miners to include transactions in a block and the varying levels of congestion on the network.

与比特币区块链上的平均交易时间相比，闪电网络上的交易通常在几秒钟内执行，该比特币区块链上的平均交易时间可能会有所不同，但通常以分钟为单位进行测量。这种速度差异是由于矿工需要在块中包括交易所需的时间以及网络上的交通拥堵水平的不同水平。

3. Cost-Effectiveness

3。成本效益

Transaction fees on the Lightning Network are significantly lower than those charged by the Bitcoin blockchain. The fee structure on the Lightning Network is designed to compensate nodes for routing transactions and keeping the network liquid. In comparison, transaction fees on the Bitcoin blockchain are determined by miners, who prioritize transactions with higher fees, especially during periods of high congestion.

闪电网络上的交易费用明显低于比特币区块链收费的交易费用。闪电网络上的费用结构旨在补偿用于路由交易和保持网络液体的节点。相比之下，比特币区块链上的交易费用由矿工确定，他们优先考虑较高费用的交易，尤其是在高拥塞期间。

4. Decentralization

4。权力下放

Similar to the Bitcoin blockchain, the Lightning Network is decentralized, with no single entity controlling the network or having special privileges. This characteristic ensures that the network remains open and accessible to all users.

与比特币区块链类似，闪电网络已分散，没有单个实体控制网络或具有特殊特权。此特性可确保网络保持开放且所有用户都可以访问。

How the Lightning Network Works

闪电网络的运作方式

The core of the Lightning Network is formed by payment channels established between two parties. To open a channel, both users contribute funds to a shared address controlled by a cryptographic technology called a Hash Time Lock, also known as a Paymaster. This technology, developed by Blockstream, enables the creation of atomic transactions, where multiple operations are linked together and either all succeed or none.

闪电网络的核心是由两方之间建立的付款渠道形成的。为了打开渠道，两个用户都为由加密技术控制的共享地址捐款，称为A Hash Time Lock，也称为Paymaster。这项由BlockStream开发的技术可以创建原子交易，其中多个操作都链接在一起，要么成功。

In this case, the Paymaster script ensures that either both users can withdraw their initial contributions or, if one user’s private key is used, the other user receives the entire channel balance. This property is crucial for channel security, as it prevents one user from being able to steal funds from the other.

在这种情况下，Paymaster脚本确保两个用户都可以撤回其初始贡献，或者，如果使用了一个用户的私钥，则另一个用户会收到整个频道余额。该属性对于渠道安全性至关重要，因为它可以防止一个用户从另一个用户窃取资金。

Transactions within a channel are executed off-chain through a series of cryptographic signatures, allowing for instant fund transfers and reducing the workload on the main blockchain. When the channel is closed, only the final transaction is recorded on-chain, summarizing the series of transactions that occurred off-chain.

通道内的交易是通过一系列加密签名执行链链的，可以进行即时基金转移并减少主区块链上的工作量。当通道关闭时，只有最终交易记录在链上，总结了发生在链外链的一系列交易。

The network extends beyond direct channels by routing payments through intermediate nodes, enabling two parties who may not have a channel

该网络通过通过中间节点进行路由付款来超越直接渠道，使两个可能没有渠道的当事方