比特币（BTC）采矿是危险的集中式：数据显示两个池控制51％

比特币（BTC）通常被其支持者称赞为最分散的加密货币，但事实可能是其他的。

Bitcoin (BTC) is frequently praised by its supporters for being the most decentralized cryptocurrency, but the truth could be something else.

比特币（BTC）经常被其支持者称赞是最分散的加密货币，但事实可能是其他的。

Onchain data shows that only two Bitcoin mining pools mined more than 51% of all BTC in the last three years. Here is why it matters and could raise a centralization alert for the leading blockchain network.

OnChain数据显示，在过去三年中，只有两个比特币采矿池在所有BTC中占51％以上。这就是为什么它很重要，并且可以为领先的区块链网络提高集中化警报。

Finbold retrieved this information from mempool.space, a Bitcoin data aggregator and block explorer, gathered directly from an observer node. Essentially, this data ranks Bitcoin mining pools per their mined blocks against the total blocks mined in a certain period.

FinBold从Mempool.space（比特币数据聚合器和Block Explorer）从观察者节点收集。从本质上讲，该数据每个矿区对比特币采矿池进行排名，而在一定时期内开采的总块。

In the last three years from March 28, 2025, the Bitcoin mined blocks were highly dominated by two mining pools.

在2025年3月28日的最后三年中，比特币开采的街区高度由两个采矿池主导。

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Precisely, Foundry USA published 46,076 blocks (28.72%) and AntPool 34,365 blocks (21.42%), out of 160,432. Together, these mining pools mined 90,441 blocks, or 56.37% of the total, in the last three years.

确切地说，美国铸造厂发表了46,076个区块（28.72％）和蚂蚁池34,365个街区（21.42％），中有160,432个。在过去三年中，这些采矿池共同开采了90,441个街区，占总数的56.37％。

Why does it matter to have only two mining pools above the 51% threshold

为什么只有两个高于51％阈值的采矿池很重要

According to the whitepaper written by Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin’s value proposition lies in achieving consensus over the blockchain state in a decentralized manner. This is achieved via Bitcoin mining, when special nodes (the miners) use computational power to crack cryptographic hashes, discovering blocks.

根据Nakamoto Satoshi撰写的白皮书，比特币的价值命题在于以分散的方式达成对区块链状态的共识。当特殊节点（矿工）使用计算能力破裂加密哈希并发现块时，这是通过比特币采矿实现的。

Once the blocks are discovered, the miner gains the right to collect the coinbase, which are newly created BTC units. Besides the coinbase, miners can also add transactions to the blocks, collecting their respective fees.

一旦发现了块，矿工就会获得收集新创建的BTC单位的Coinbase的权利。除了共同基础外，矿工还可以向块中添加交易，从而收取各自的费用。

For that, the miner needs to broadcast the discovered block with both their coinbase transaction and all the third-party transactions. Other nodes, as designed by Satoshi, will follow the longer chain, which means the chain with more proof-o-work attached to it, or more added blocks.

为此，矿工需要通过共同的共同交易和所有第三方交易来广播发现的块。 Satoshi设计的其他节点将遵循更长的链条，这意味着链条上附有更多证明的链条，或者添加了更多的块。

There is a theoretical attack called the 51% attack, which, theoretically, could allow a bad actor to make double spends. Moreover, Bitcoin mining pools could deliberately censor transactions from being broadcasted, if they control enough of the mined blocks.

有一个称为51％攻击的理论攻击，从理论上讲，这可以使坏演员可以进行双重支出。此外，如果比特币采矿池可能会审查交易，如果他们控制了足够的开采块，则可以播放。

Finbold reported a case where F2Pool, the third-largest Bitcoin mining pool, was caught – and later admitted – filtering transactions.

Finbold报道了一个案例，即F2Pool（第三大比特币采矿池）被捕获并随后被录取 - 过滤交易。

At its current state, the Bitcoin network has a Nakamoto Coefficient of two. The Nakamoto coefficient is a metric that measures the decentralization of a blockchain network by determining the minimum number of independent entities (like miners) needed to control or disrupt the network.

在目前的状态下，比特币网络的中性系数为两个。 Nakamoto系数是一个度量标准，可通过确定控制或破坏网络所需的最小独立实体数量（如矿工）来衡量区块链网络的权力下放。

Bitcoin mining pools and not individual miners or nodes

比特币采矿池，而不是单个矿工或节点

While each pool is supposedly made of different miners, it’s the pool coordinator, a single entity, responsible for setting the block, broadcasting it to the network, collecting the rewards, and then, if they want, distribute it to their miners.

虽然每个游泳池都据说是由不同的矿工制成的，但它是一个池协调员，一个单一的实体，负责设置块，将其广播到网络，收集奖励，然后（如果需要的话）将其分配给矿工。

Therefore, the mining pools are the relevant entities when measuring the current blockchain consensus decentralization state. Not the individual miners or nodes, that can migrate only once it is too late, under a hypothetical attack.

因此，在测量当前区块链共识分散状态时，采矿池是相关实体。在假设的攻击下，不是只能迁移一次为时已晚的个别矿工或节点。

We have also seen cases where transaction fees were not distributed to AntPool miners, as expected, but sent back to the sender.

我们还看到了未预期将交易费用分配给蚂蚁矿工的案例，而是将其发送回发件人。

Furthermore, AntPool was also the protagonist of another discovery by the renowned pseudonym analyst b10c. According to the researcher, data suggests the second-largest mining pool could have strong influence over five other Bitcoin mining pools.

此外，Antpool还是著名的化名分析师B10C的另一个发现的主角。根据研究人员的说法，数据表明，第二大采矿池可能会对其他五个比特币采矿池产生强大的影响。

Looking at the merkle branches that mining pools send to miners as part of stratum jobs, it's clear that the BTCcom pool, Binance pool, Poolin, EMCD, Rawpool, and possibly Braiins* have exactly the same template and custom transaction prioritization as AntPool.

看着矿山池作为阶层作业的一部分发送给矿工的默克尔分支机构，很明显，BTCCOM池，Binance Pool，Poolin，Emcd，Rawpool以及可能的Braiins*具有与Antpool完全相同的模板和自定义交易优先级。

At its current state, the Bitcoin network has a Nakamoto Coefficient of two. This means that at least two-thirds of the total hashrate would be needed to carry out a 51% attack and potentially disrupt the network. However, with only two large mining pools, like Foundry USA and AntPool, already controlling more than 51% of the last 3 years’ mined blocks, the possibility of such an occurrence is not entirely far-fetched.

在目前的状态下，比特币网络的中性系数为两个。这意味着要进行51％的攻击并有可能破坏网络，至少需要至少三分之二的哈希拉底架。但是，只有两个大型采矿池，例如美国铸造厂和蚂蚁池，已经控制了过去三年的开采块中的51％以上，这种情况的可能性并不完全牵强。

In addition, with the top four mining pools currently holding a collective control of 66.7% of the last 3 years’ mined blocks, and the top seven at 79.5%, the fabric of decentralization in Bitcoin mining is coming under increasing scrutiny.

此外，由于前四个采矿池目前拥有过去3年的矿区的66.7％的集体控制，而前七个矿场则为79.5％，比特币挖掘中的分散式融合织物正在受到越来越多的审查。

As previously reported by Finbold, the third-largest Bitcoin mining pool, F2Pool, was caught filtering transactions. In a statement to the Factor, F2Pool confirmed that it does filter transactions but claimed it is done to improve efficiency and that it does not prioritize transactions from specific users.

如前所述，第三大比特币采矿池F2Pool被捕获了过滤交易。在对该因素的声明中，F2Pool确认它确实过滤了交易，但声称它是为了提高效率，并且不会优先考虑特定用户的交易。

The post Only 2 Bitcoin (BTC) mining pools mined 51% of all BTC in 3 years

该帖子只有2个比特币（BTC）采矿池在3年内开采了所有BTC的51％