比特幣（BTC）採礦是危險的集中式：數據顯示兩個池控制51％

比特幣（BTC）通常被其支持者稱讚為最分散的加密貨幣，但事實可能是其他的。

Bitcoin (BTC) is frequently praised by its supporters for being the most decentralized cryptocurrency, but the truth could be something else.

比特幣（BTC）經常被其支持者稱讚是最分散的加密貨幣，但事實可能是其他的。

Onchain data shows that only two Bitcoin mining pools mined more than 51% of all BTC in the last three years. Here is why it matters and could raise a centralization alert for the leading blockchain network.

OnChain數據顯示，在過去三年中，只有兩個比特幣採礦池在所有BTC中佔51％以上。這就是為什麼它很重要，並且可以為領先的區塊鍊網絡提高集中化警報。

Finbold retrieved this information from mempool.space, a Bitcoin data aggregator and block explorer, gathered directly from an observer node. Essentially, this data ranks Bitcoin mining pools per their mined blocks against the total blocks mined in a certain period.

FinBold從Mempool.space（比特幣數據聚合器和Block Explorer）從觀察者節點收集。從本質上講，該數據每個礦區對比特幣採礦池進行排名，而在一定時期內開采的總塊。

In the last three years from March 28, 2025, the Bitcoin mined blocks were highly dominated by two mining pools.

在2025年3月28日的最後三年中，比特幣開采的街區高度由兩個採礦池主導。

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Precisely, Foundry USA published 46,076 blocks (28.72%) and AntPool 34,365 blocks (21.42%), out of 160,432. Together, these mining pools mined 90,441 blocks, or 56.37% of the total, in the last three years.

確切地說，美國鑄造廠發表了46,076個區塊（28.72％）和螞蟻池34,365個街區（21.42％），中有160,432個。在過去三年中，這些採礦池共同開采了90,441個街區，佔總數的56.37％。

Why does it matter to have only two mining pools above the 51% threshold

為什麼只有兩個高於51％閾值的採礦池很重要

According to the whitepaper written by Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin’s value proposition lies in achieving consensus over the blockchain state in a decentralized manner. This is achieved via Bitcoin mining, when special nodes (the miners) use computational power to crack cryptographic hashes, discovering blocks.

根據Nakamoto Satoshi撰寫的白皮書，比特幣的價值命題在於以分散的方式達成對區塊鏈狀態的共識。當特殊節點（礦工）使用計算能力破裂加密哈希並發現塊時，這是通過比特幣採礦實現的。

Once the blocks are discovered, the miner gains the right to collect the coinbase, which are newly created BTC units. Besides the coinbase, miners can also add transactions to the blocks, collecting their respective fees.

一旦發現了塊，礦工就會獲得收集新創建的BTC單位的Coinbase的權利。除了共同基礎外，礦工還可以向塊中添加交易，從而收取各自的費用。

For that, the miner needs to broadcast the discovered block with both their coinbase transaction and all the third-party transactions. Other nodes, as designed by Satoshi, will follow the longer chain, which means the chain with more proof-o-work attached to it, or more added blocks.

為此，礦工需要通過共同的共同交易和所有第三方交易來廣播發現的塊。 Satoshi設計的其他節點將遵循更長的鏈條，這意味著鏈條上附有更多證明的鏈條，或者添加了更多的塊。

There is a theoretical attack called the 51% attack, which, theoretically, could allow a bad actor to make double spends. Moreover, Bitcoin mining pools could deliberately censor transactions from being broadcasted, if they control enough of the mined blocks.

有一個稱為51％攻擊的理論攻擊，從理論上講，這可以使壞演員可以進行雙重支出。此外，如果比特幣採礦池可能會審查交易，如果他們控制了足夠的開採塊，則可以播放。

Finbold reported a case where F2Pool, the third-largest Bitcoin mining pool, was caught – and later admitted – filtering transactions.

Finbold報導了一個案例，即F2Pool（第三大比特幣採礦池）被捕獲並隨後被錄取 - 過濾交易。

At its current state, the Bitcoin network has a Nakamoto Coefficient of two. The Nakamoto coefficient is a metric that measures the decentralization of a blockchain network by determining the minimum number of independent entities (like miners) needed to control or disrupt the network.

在目前的狀態下，比特幣網絡的中性係數為兩個。 Nakamoto係數是一個度量標準，可通過確定控製或破壞網絡所需的最小獨立實體數量（如礦工）來衡量區塊鍊網絡的權力下放。

Bitcoin mining pools and not individual miners or nodes

比特幣採礦池，而不是單個礦工或節點

While each pool is supposedly made of different miners, it’s the pool coordinator, a single entity, responsible for setting the block, broadcasting it to the network, collecting the rewards, and then, if they want, distribute it to their miners.

雖然每個游泳池都據說是由不同的礦工製成的，但它是一個池協調員，一個單一的實體，負責設置塊，將其廣播到網絡，收集獎勵，然後（如果需要的話）將其分配給礦工。

Therefore, the mining pools are the relevant entities when measuring the current blockchain consensus decentralization state. Not the individual miners or nodes, that can migrate only once it is too late, under a hypothetical attack.

因此，在測量當前區塊鏈共識分散狀態時，採礦池是相關實體。在假設的攻擊下，不是只能遷移一次為時已晚的個別礦工或節點。

We have also seen cases where transaction fees were not distributed to AntPool miners, as expected, but sent back to the sender.

我們還看到了未預期將交易費用分配給螞蟻礦工的案例，而是將其發送回發件人。

Furthermore, AntPool was also the protagonist of another discovery by the renowned pseudonym analyst b10c. According to the researcher, data suggests the second-largest mining pool could have strong influence over five other Bitcoin mining pools.

此外，Antpool還是著名的化名分析師B10C的另一個發現的主角。根據研究人員的說法，數據表明，第二大採礦池可能會對其他五個比特幣採礦池產生強大的影響。

Looking at the merkle branches that mining pools send to miners as part of stratum jobs, it's clear that the BTCcom pool, Binance pool, Poolin, EMCD, Rawpool, and possibly Braiins* have exactly the same template and custom transaction prioritization as AntPool.

看著礦山池作為階層作業的一部分發送給礦工的默克爾分支機構，很明顯，BTCCOM池，Binance Pool，Poolin，Emcd，Rawpool以及可能的Braiins*具有與Antpool完全相同的模板和自定義交易優先級。

At its current state, the Bitcoin network has a Nakamoto Coefficient of two. This means that at least two-thirds of the total hashrate would be needed to carry out a 51% attack and potentially disrupt the network. However, with only two large mining pools, like Foundry USA and AntPool, already controlling more than 51% of the last 3 years’ mined blocks, the possibility of such an occurrence is not entirely far-fetched.

在目前的狀態下，比特幣網絡的中性係數為兩個。這意味著要進行51％的攻擊並有可能破壞網絡，至少需要至少三分之二的哈希拉底架。但是，只有兩個大型採礦池，例如美國鑄造廠和螞蟻池，已經控制了過去三年的開採塊中的51％以上，這種情況的可能性並不完全牽強。

In addition, with the top four mining pools currently holding a collective control of 66.7% of the last 3 years’ mined blocks, and the top seven at 79.5%, the fabric of decentralization in Bitcoin mining is coming under increasing scrutiny.

此外，由於前四個採礦池目前擁有過去3年的礦區的66.7％的集體控制，而前七個礦場則為79.5％，比特幣挖掘中的分散式融合織物正在受到越來越多的審查。

As previously reported by Finbold, the third-largest Bitcoin mining pool, F2Pool, was caught filtering transactions. In a statement to the Factor, F2Pool confirmed that it does filter transactions but claimed it is done to improve efficiency and that it does not prioritize transactions from specific users.

如前所述，第三大比特幣採礦池F2Pool被捕獲了過濾交易。在對該因素的聲明中，F2Pool確認它確實過濾了交易，但聲稱它是為了提高效率，並且不會優先考慮特定用戶的交易。

The post Only 2 Bitcoin (BTC) mining pools mined 51% of all BTC in 3 years

該帖子只有2個比特幣（BTC）採礦池在3年內開采了所有BTC的51％