不丹展示发展中国家如何利用比特币挖矿来改善经济

东喜马拉雅山不丹王国正在展示一个强有力的例子，说明发展中国家如何利用比特币挖矿来改善其经济

Bhutan, a small East Himalayan kingdom, is quietly making a powerful statement about how developing nations can use Bitcoin mining to bolster their economies and propel themselves toward greater economic prosperity.

东喜马拉雅山的一个小王国不丹正在悄然发表强有力的声明，说明发展中国家如何利用比特币挖矿来提振其经济并推动自己走向更大的经济繁荣。

On Sept. 16, onchain analytics platform Arkham Intelligence claimed to have detected and identified the first Bitcoin BTC $62,925 address belonging to Bhutan’s investment arm, Druk Holding and Investments. According to Arkham, DHI holds 13,029 BTC, 656 Ether ETH $2,557 , some BNB BNB $568 and Polygon MATIC $0.3739 , which together total roughly $780 million in various crypto holdings.

9 月 16 日，链上分析平台 Arkham Intelligence 声称已检测到并识别出属于不丹投资部门 Druk Holding and Investments 的第一个 62,925 美元比特币地址。据 Arkham 称，DHI 持有 13,029 BTC、656 ETH ETH（2,557 美元）、一些 BNB BNB 568 美元和 Polygon MATIC 0.3739 美元，各种加密货币持有量总计约 7.8 亿美元。

BTC

比特币

$62,925

$62,925

ETH

以太坊

$2,557

$2,557 美元

BNB

币安银行

$568

$568

MATIC

玛蒂克

$0.3739

$0.3739

This means that Bhutan’s crypto reserves account for over 26.9% of its $2.9 billion 2023 national gross domestic product (GDP), according to data from the World Bank.

根据世界银行的数据，这意味着不丹的加密货币储备占其 2023 年 29 亿美元国内生产总值 (GDP) 的 26.9% 以上。

As nations around the world grapple with staggering debt levels, they face increasing economic strain as borrowing costs rise and fiscal challenges multiply. The mounting debt crisis is sparking debates about the long-term sustainability of current economic models, especially in poorer countries that rely heavily on external loans.

随着世界各国努力应对惊人的债务水平，随着借贷成本上升和财政挑战成倍增加，它们面临着越来越大的经济压力。日益严重的债务危机引发了关于当前经济模式长期可持续性的争论，特别是在严重依赖外部贷款的较贫穷国家。

Total debt liabilities issued by central governments as a share of GDP. Source: International Monetary Fund

中央政府发行的债务总额占GDP的比例。资料来源：国际货币基金组织

During the Bitcoin 2024 conference in Nashville, Tennessee, Michael Saylor, founder and chairman of software and Bitcoin-proxy company MicroStrategy, explained how nations — particularly those burdened with substantial debt — could use Bitcoin to solve their economic woes.

在田纳西州纳什维尔举行的比特币 2024 会议上，软件和比特币代理公司 MicroStrategy 的创始人兼董事长 Michael Saylor 解释了各国（尤其是背负巨额债务的国家）如何使用比特币来解决其经济困境。

He proposed a strategy where indebted countries could reallocate their treasury reserves from assets like gold and bonds to Bitcoin, a long-term digital asset. By doing so, these countries could leverage Bitcoin’s growth potential to pay off debt and possibly achieve economic prosperity.

他提出了一项战略，负债国家可以将其国库储备从黄金和债券等资产重新分配到比特币（一种长期数字资产）。通过这样做，这些国家可以利用比特币的增长潜力来偿还债务，并可能实现经济繁荣。

The World Bank classifies Bhutan, a small Asian nation with limited economic capacity, as a developing country. Countries in this category typically have a gross national income (GNI) per capita below $14,005. Most countries worldwide fall into this category, and many could follow Bhutan’s example to address their national debt. Some potential candidates include Paraguay, Venezuela, El Salvador, Argentina and Kenya.

不丹是一个经济能力有限的亚洲小国，世界银行将其列为发展中国家。此类国家的人均国民总收入 (GNI) 通常低于 14,005 美元。世界上大多数国家都属于这一类，许多国家可以效仿不丹的例子来解决其国债问题。一些潜在的候选国包括巴拉圭、委内瑞拉、萨尔瓦多、阿根廷和肯尼亚。

Paraguay: A renewable energy giant limited by politicians

巴拉圭：受政客限制的可再生能源巨头

Paraguay made moves toward regulating Bitcoin mining in 2024, largely due to its abundant hydroelectric energy resources. The country’s low electricity costs and favorable climate have made it an attractive destination for cryptocurrency miners.

巴拉圭在 2024 年采取了对比特币挖矿进行监管的举措，这主要是由于其丰富的水力发电资源。该国低廉的电力成本和有利的气候使其成为对加密货币矿工有吸引力的目的地。

Joaquin Morinigo, also known as Criptoboi, co-founder of Bitcoin Paraguay, told Cointelegraph, “Paraguay has a unique position in the world because 99% of its energy is hydroelectric.”

巴拉圭比特币联合创始人 Joaquin Morinigo（又名 Criptoboi）告诉 Cointelegraph，“巴拉圭在世界上拥有独特的地位，因为该国 99% 的能源都是水力发电。”

Morinigo explained that Paraguay’s low energy demand cannot absorb all the energy produced by the hydroelectric dams, so the surplus energy eventually ends up being exported to Argentina and Brazil at “rock-bottom prices.”

莫里尼戈解释说，巴拉圭较低的能源需求无法吸收水电大坝产生的全部能源，因此剩余能源最终以“最低价格”出口到阿根廷和巴西。

Even though Paraguay is the largest power exporter in South America and among the 10 largest worldwide, politics and regulation have prevented the country from using its surplus energy for cryptocurrency mining.

尽管巴拉圭是南美洲最大的电力出口国，也是全球十大电力出口国之一，但政治和监管阻止该国利用其剩余能源进行加密货币开采。

Morinigo pointed out that the same political party has ruled Paraguay for over 70 years. He believes the ruling bureaucrats fail to fully understand Paraguay’s vast energy potential to build a profitable Bitcoin mining infrastructure.

莫里尼戈指出，同一政党统治巴拉圭70多年。他认为，执政官僚未能充分了解巴拉圭建立可盈利的比特币挖矿基础设施的巨大能源潜力。

Related: Venezuela opposition’s Bitcoin reserve plan must overcome political turmoil first

相关：委内瑞拉反对派的比特币储备计划必须首先克服政治动荡

In 2022, Paraguay’s legislature approved a bill to regulate cryptocurrency mining to establish a clear legal framework for the industry in the country. The bill required miners to register with government authorities and adhere to specific energy consumption standards, ensuring compliance while fostering the growth of crypto-related activities.

2022 年，巴拉圭立法机构批准了一项监管加密货币挖矿的法案，为该国该行业建立明确的法律框架。该法案要求矿工向政府当局注册并遵守特定的能源消耗标准，确保合规性，同时促进加密相关活动的增长。

However, former President Mario Abdo Benítez vetoed the bill, citing concerns over energy consumption and minimal economic benefits. Some lawmakers urged the government to consider the benefits of selling the surplus energy to local crypto miners instead of exporting it to Argentina and Brazil. Despite friction from lawmakers, mining operations have continued to grow, albeit in a regulatory gray zone.

然而，前总统马里奥·阿卜多·贝尼特斯否决了该法案，理由是担心能源消耗和微乎其微的经济效益。一些立法者敦促政府考虑将剩余能源出售给当地加密矿商而不是出口到阿根廷和巴西的好处。尽管立法者存在摩擦，采矿作业仍在继续增长，尽管处于监管灰色地带。

Venezuela: Energy giant with stunted crypto adoption

委内瑞拉：加密货币采用受阻的能源巨头

Venezuela has faced severe economic crises, including hyperinflation and shortages of essential goods, and many citizens have turned to cryptocurrencies to protect their earnings from inflation.

委内瑞拉面临严重的经济危机，包括恶性通货膨胀和必需品短缺，许多公民转向加密货币以保护他们的收入免受通货膨胀的影响。

Rate of inflation from August 2023 – August 2024. Source: Trading Economics

2023 年 8 月至 2024 年 8 月的通货膨胀率。资料来源：Trading Economics

The country is rich in oil and natural gas, providing a cheap and abundant energy source for electricity generation, an important factor in Bitcoin mining’s proliferation.

该国拥有丰富的石油和天然气，为发电提供了廉价且丰富的能源，这是比特币挖矿激增的重要因素。

Anibal Garrido, CEO of crypto assets self-custody firm BTC Techno, told Cointelegraph that if Venezuela used its natural wealth correctly, it could bring “our nation into a cycle of financial profitability and operational sustainability” in the Bitcoin mining sector.

加密资产自我托管公司 BTC Techno 的首席执行官阿尼巴尔·加里多 (Anibal Garrido) 告诉 Cointelegraph，如果委内瑞拉正确利用其自然财富，它可能会让“我们的国家进入比特币挖矿行业的财务盈利和运营可持续性循环”。

However

然而