Layer 2 採用激增：解決區塊鏈可擴展性挑戰

近年來，區塊鏈生態系統經歷了顯著增長，比特幣和以太坊等去中心化技術受到廣泛關注。

The blockchain ecosystem has seen a significant surge in recent years, with decentralized technologies like Bitcoin and Ethereum gaining widespread attention. However, scalability remains one of the biggest hurdles for blockchain networks. As user demand increases, the ability of blockchains to handle large numbers of transactions without experiencing delays or excessive fees becomes a critical factor for adoption and usability. This is where Layer 2 solutions come into play, offering a transformative approach to improving the scalability and performance of blockchain networks.

近年來，區塊鏈生態系統出現了顯著成長，比特幣和以太坊等去中心化技術受到廣泛關注。然而，可擴展性仍然是區塊鏈網路的最大障礙之一。隨著用戶需求的增加，區塊鏈處理大量交易而不會出現延遲或過高費用的能力成為採用和可用性的關鍵因素。這就是第 2 層解決方案發揮作用的地方，它提供了一種變革性的方法來提高區塊鏈網路的可擴展性和效能。

In this article, we will explore the surge in Layer 2 adoption, its key benefits, challenges, and the future of these scaling solutions. We will also look at how Layer 2 is helping to solve real-world problems and its implications for the blockchain industry moving forward.

在本文中，我們將探討第 2 層採用的激增、其主要優勢、挑戰以及這些擴展解決方案的未來。我們還將研究 Layer 2 如何幫助解決現實世界的問題及其對區塊鏈產業發展的影響。

Understanding Layer 1 vs Layer 2

了解第 1 層與第 2 層

To understand the role of Layer 2 in the blockchain ecosystem, it’s essential to first grasp the distinction between Layer 1 and Layer 2 solutions.

要了解第 2 層在區塊鏈生態系統中的作用，必須先了解第 1 層和第 2 層解決方案之間的差異。

Layer 1 solutions, also known as base layer protocols, form the foundation of the blockchain network. They handle the core functions of the blockchain, such as transaction processing, consensus mechanisms, and security. Examples of Layer 1 solutions include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche.

第一層解決方案，也稱為基礎層協議，構成了區塊鏈網路的基礎。它們處理區塊鏈的核心功能，例如交易處理、共識機制和安全性。第 1 層解決方案的範例包括比特幣、以太坊、Solana 和 Avalanche。

Layer 2 solutions, on the other hand, are built on top of Layer 1 protocols to enhance their scalability, performance, or other aspects. They operate independently of the base layer but inherit its security and decentralization properties. Some common types of Layer 2 solutions include:

另一方面，第 2 層解決方案建構在第 1 層協定之上，以增強其可擴展性、效能或其他方面。它們獨立於基礎層運行，但繼承了基礎層的安全性和去中心化屬性。一些常見類型的第 2 層解決方案包括：

Rollups: Rollups are a type of Layer 2 solution that executes transactions off-chain and generates a cryptographic proof, or "rollup," that is then submitted to the Layer 1 chain for final settlement. This allows for a batch of transactions to be processed off-chain, significantly increasing throughput and reducing costs. Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups are two main categories of rollups.

Rollups：Rollups 是一種 Layer 2 解決方案，它在鏈外執行交易並產生加密證明或“rollup”，然後提交到 Layer 1 鏈進行最終結算。這允許一批交易在鏈下處理，顯著提高吞吐量並降低成本。 Optimistic Rollups 和 ZK-Rollups 是 Rollup 的兩個主要類別。

State Channels: State channels enable direct, off-chain transactions between two or more parties. They open a channel on the Layer 1 blockchain, deposit funds, and perform transactions off-chain. Once the transactions are complete, they close the channel and settle the final state on the Layer 1 chain. State channels are particularly useful for micropayments and gaming applications.

狀態通道：狀態通道支援兩方或多方之間的直接鏈下交易。他們在第 1 層區塊鏈上打開通道、存入資金並執行鏈下交易。一旦交易完成，他們就會關閉通道並在第 1 層鏈上確定最終狀態。狀態通道對於小額支付和遊戲應用程式特別有用。

Sidechains: Sidechains are separate blockchains that run parallel to the main Layer 1 chain. They are connected to the main chain through a two-way peg, allowing for the transfer of assets and data between the two chains. Sidechains can operate with their own consensus mechanisms and rules, offering flexibility and scalability to the Layer 1 network.

側鏈：側鏈是與主第 1 層鏈並行運行的獨立區塊鏈。它們透過雙向掛鉤連接到主鏈，允許在兩條鏈之間轉移資產和數據。側鏈可以按照自己的共識機制和規則運行，為第一層網路提供靈活性和可擴展性。

Examples of Layer 2 solutions include rollups, state channels, and sidechains, with Ethereum’s rollups, particularly Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups, emerging as popular solutions.

第 2 層解決方案的範例包括 rollups、狀態通道和側鏈，其中以太坊的 rollups，特別是 Optimistic Rollups 和 ZK-Rollups，正在成為流行的解決方案。

The Surge in Layer 2 Adoption

Layer 2 採用率激增

The recent surge in Layer 2 adoption is not coincidental. Several factors have contributed to this increased interest and investment in Layer 2 technologies. Here are some of the key drivers:

最近第 2 層採用率的激增並非巧合。有幾個因素導致人們對第 2 層技術的興趣和投資增加。以下是一些關鍵驅動因素：

1. Scalability Challenges on Layer 1 Blockchains

1.第一層區塊鏈的可擴展性挑戰

The scalability problem has long been a pain point for blockchain networks, especially Ethereum. As blockchain adoption grows, the number of transactions processed on the network increases, leading to congestion and high gas fees. For instance, Ethereum’s transaction costs have soared at times of network congestion, pricing out smaller transactions and limiting its use for everyday applications.

可擴展性問題長期以來一直是區塊鏈網路尤其是以太坊的痛點。隨著區塊鏈採用的成長，網路上處理的交易數量增加，導致擁塞和高昂的汽油費。例如，以太坊的交易成本在網路擁塞時飆升，導致較小的交易定價並限制其在日常應用中的使用。

Ethereum 2.0 aims to address some of these challenges with its shift from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS) and sharding, but the network’s scalability will remain a challenge until these upgrades are fully implemented. In the meantime, Layer 2 solutions offer an immediate and effective way to reduce congestion on Layer 1 while improving the user experience.

以太坊 2.0 旨在透過從工作量證明 (PoW) 轉向權益證明 (PoS) 和分片來解決其中一些挑戰，但在這些升級完全實施之前，網路的可擴展性仍將是一個挑戰。同時，第 2 層解決方案提供了一種立即有效的方法來減少第 1 層擁塞，同時改善使用者體驗。

2. Growing DeFi and NFT Ecosystems

2. 不斷發展的 DeFi 和 NFT 生態系統

The rapid growth of decentralized finance (DeFi) and the explosive popularity of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have placed additional pressure on blockchain networks. These applications require high transaction throughput and low latency to deliver seamless user experiences. Without Layer 2, many of these use cases would be hindered by slow transaction times and expensive fees on the main chain.

去中心化金融（DeFi）的快速成長和不可替代代幣（NFT）的爆炸性流行給區塊鏈網路帶來了額外的壓力。這些應用程式需要高交易吞吐量和低延遲才能提供無縫的用戶體驗。如果沒有第 2 層，這些用例中的許多將因交易時間緩慢和主鏈上昂貴的費用而受到阻礙。

Layer 2 solutions are essential to enable the scaling required for DeFi protocols, NFT marketplaces, and other blockchain-based applications. For example, platforms like Uniswap and SushiSwap are integrating Layer 2 solutions to allow for faster trades and lower fees. Similarly, NFT platforms like OpenSea and Rarible are increasingly adopting Layer 2 solutions to improve the user experience by reducing gas fees and transaction times.

Layer 2 解決方案對於實現 DeFi 協議、NFT 市場和其他基於區塊鏈的應用程式所需的擴展至關重要。例如，Uniswap 和 SushiSwap 等平台正在整合第 2 層解決方案，以實現更快的交易和更低的費用。同樣，OpenSea 和 Rarible 等 NFT 平台也越來越多地採用 Layer 2 解決方案，透過減少 Gas 費用和交易時間來改善用戶體驗。

3. Innovation in Rollups

3.Rollups的創新

Rollups are one of the most promising Layer 2 solutions, and their adoption has seen a sharp rise in recent months. Rollups operate by executing transactions off-chain while maintaining the security of the Layer 1 chain. There are two primary types of rollups:

Rollups 是最有前景的 Layer 2 解決方案之一，近幾個月來其採用率急劇上升。 Rollups 透過在鏈外執行交易來運行，同時維護第 1 層鏈的安全性。匯總有兩種主要類型：

Optimistic Rollups: Optimistic Rollups assume that all transactions are valid by default and

樂觀總結：樂觀總結假設所有交易預設都是有效的，並且