第 2 層解決方案：增強區塊鏈可擴展性、速度和成本效益

第 2 層解決方案是建立在區塊鏈主網路（第 1 層）之上的技術，旨在增強可擴展性、速度並降低交易成本。

Layer 2 solutions are technologies built upon a blockchain's main network (Layer 1) to enhance scalability, speed, and reduce transaction costs. These solutions aim to improve the overall performance of decentralized applications (dApps) and services by offloading transaction processing from the main blockchain. Among the various Layer 2 solutions, two prominent technologies are Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups, each addressing the scalability challenge in different ways.

第 2 層解決方案是基於區塊鏈主網路（第 1 層）建構的技術，旨在增強可擴展性、速度並降低交易成本。這些解決方案旨在透過從主區塊鏈卸載交易處理來提高去中心化應用程式 (dApp) 和服務的整體效能。在各種 Layer 2 解決方案中，兩項突出的技術是 Optimistic Rollups 和 ZK-Rollups，每種技術都以不同的方式解決可擴展性挑戰。

Optimistic Rollups are designed to scale Ethereum (and other blockchain networks) by processing transactions off-chain, while still securing them on the main chain. These rollups aim to increase throughput and reduce transaction costs by moving most of the computation off the Ethereum mainnet, relying on the Ethereum network for validation and finalization.

Optimistic Rollup 旨在透過處理鏈下交易來擴展以太坊（和其他區塊鏈網路），同時仍在主鏈上保護它們。這些匯總旨在透過將大部分運算移出以太坊主網，依靠以太坊網路進行驗證和最終確定來提高吞吐量並降低交易成本。

Optimistic Rollups bundle a large number of transactions together and process them off-chain. Once processed, the results are posted back to the Layer 1 chain, along with a cryptographic proof attesting to the validity of the transactions. The Layer 1 network then verifies the proof and includes the batch of transactions in a block.

樂觀匯總將大量交易捆綁在一起並在鏈下處理它們。處理完成後，結果將連同證明交易有效性的加密證明一起傳回第 1 層鏈。然後，第 1 層網路驗證證明並將該批交易包含在一個區塊中。

This approach enables Optimistic Rollups to achieve significant scalability gains, handling a large volume of transactions off-chain, while still benefiting from the security and decentralization of the Layer 1 network. However, Optimistic Rollups come with a trade-off, as they introduce a challenge period before transactions are considered finalized. During this period, anyone can challenge the validity of the transactions, potentially leading to rollbacks in case of any fraudulent activities.

這種方法使 Optimistic Rollups 能夠實現顯著的可擴展性收益，處理大量鏈下交易，同時仍受益於第 1 層網路的安全性和去中心化。然而，樂觀總結需要權衡，因為它們在交易被視為最終確定之前引入了挑戰期。在此期間，任何人都可以質疑交易的有效性，如果發生任何詐欺活動，可能會導致交易回溯。

ZK-Rollups (Zero-Knowledge Rollups), on the other hand, offer another approach to Layer 2 scaling, aiming to achieve high scalability with a greater focus on efficiency and minimal overhead. These rollups utilize zero-knowledge proofs, a cryptographic technique that allows one party (the prover) to demonstrate the validity of a statement (the transaction) to another party (the verifier) without revealing any additional information beyond the statement itself.

另一方面，ZK-Rollups（零知識總和）提供了另一種第 2 層擴展方法，旨在實現高可擴展性，同時更加重視效率和最小開銷。這些總結利用零知識證明，這是一種加密技術，允許一方（證明者）向另一方（驗證者）證明語句（交易）的有效性，而無需透露語句本身之外的任何其他資訊。

ZK-Rollups leverage this technology to generate a succinct proof that attests to the validity of a batch of transactions. This proof is then posted to the Layer 1 blockchain, and the transactions are considered finalized once the proof is included in a block on the Layer 1 chain.

ZK-Rollups 利用該技術產生簡潔的證明，證明一批交易的有效性。然後，該證明被發佈到第 1 層區塊鏈，一旦該證明包含在第 1 層鏈上的區塊中，交易就被視為已完成。

Compared to Optimistic Rollups, ZK-Rollups provide faster finalization times as they do not require a challenge period. Additionally, they offer greater scalability potential due to the efficiency of zero-knowledge proofs, enabling them to handle an even higher volume of transactions. However, ZK-Rollups also come with their own set of challenges, particularly around the complexity of generating zero-knowledge proofs and the need for specialized hardware to achieve optimal performance.

與 Optimistic Rollups 相比，ZK-Rollups 提供更快的最終確定時間，因為它們不需要挑戰期。此外，由於零知識證明的效率，它們提供了更大的可擴展性潛力，使它們能夠處理更大的交易量。然而，ZK-Rollups 也面臨著自己的一系列挑戰，特別是生成零知識證明的複雜性以及需要專門的硬體來實現最佳性能。

Both Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups play a significant role in addressing the scalability limitations of Layer 1 blockchains. As the demand for Ethereum and other blockchains continues to grow, these Layer 2 solutions will be crucial in enabling decentralized applications (dApps) to scale effectively without compromising security or decentralization.

Optimistic Rollups 和 ZK-Rollups 在解決 Layer 1 區塊鏈的可擴展性限制方面都發揮著重要作用。隨著對以太坊和其他區塊鏈的需求持續增長，這些第 2 層解決方案對於使去中心化應用程式 (dApp) 能夠有效擴展而不影響安全性或去中心化至關重要。