印度選舉中迫在眉睫的人工智慧革命：在濫用擔憂中擁抱創新

2024 年是印度全國選舉的人工智慧 (AI) 年，因為這個世界上最大的民主國家廣泛使用人工智慧進行民意調查和語言翻譯。 2024年選舉分七個階段進行，選出543名下議院議員。這場擁有約9.7 億註冊選民的世界上規模最大的選舉不僅使用人工智慧透過數十種語言翻譯來瞄準選民，還使用人工智慧創建深度偽造影片和對話機器人，引發了人們對濫用該技術的擔憂。

India's Looming AI-Driven Electoral Revolution: Embracing Innovation Amidst Misuse Concerns

印度迫在眉睫的人工智慧驅動的選舉革命：在濫用擔憂中擁抱創新

As the world's largest democracy gears up for its 2024 general elections, India stands poised to harness the transformative power of artificial intelligence (AI) on an unprecedented scale. With approximately 970 million registered voters, the upcoming polls mark a watershed moment in the intersection of technology and electoral processes.

隨著世界上最大的民主國家為 2024 年大選做準備，印度已準備好以前所未有的規模利用人工智慧 (AI) 的變革力量。即將舉行的投票擁有約 9.7 億登記選民，標誌著技術與選舉進程交叉的分水嶺時刻。

AI's Multifaceted Role in the Political Arena

人工智慧在政治舞台上的多方面作用

AI's influence extends far beyond mere voter targeting through multilingual translations. Political parties and candidates are leveraging AI's capabilities to create deepfake videos and deploy conversational bots, raising concerns about potential misuse.

人工智慧的影響力遠遠超出了單純透過多語言翻譯來瞄準選民的範圍。政黨和候選人正在利用人工智慧的功能來創建深度偽造影片並部署對話機器人，這引起了人們對潛在濫用的擔憂。

"Deepfakes and voice clones of political leaders are circulating widely on social media, spreading positive or negative messaging about candidates or parties," warns Rajagopal Menon, Vice President of WazirX, India's leading digital asset trading platform.

印度領先的數位資產交易平台WazirX 副總裁拉賈戈帕爾·梅農(Rajagopal Menon) 警告說：「政治領導人的深度假貨和聲音克隆在社交媒體上廣泛傳播，傳播有關候選人或政黨的正面或負面訊息。

These AI-generated machinations, Pradeep Gooptu, founder-secretary of Bengal Initiative, an Indian think tank, opines, "may lead to erosion of privacy and greater intrusion into the private lives of citizens by government agencies."

印度智庫孟加拉倡議創始人兼秘書長普拉迪普·古普圖認為，這些人工智慧產生的陰謀“可能會導致政府機構對隱私的侵蝕和對公民私生活的更大程度的侵犯。”

In a recent instance, fabricated videos depicted prominent Indian actors criticizing Prime Minister Narendra Modi and urging voters to support opposition parties. Similarly, a purported video of Union Home Minister Amit Shah sparked controversy by allegedly suggesting the removal of reservations for backward classes.

在最近的一個例子中，捏造的影片描繪了印度著名演員批評總理莫迪並敦促選民支持反對黨的情況。同樣，一段據稱是聯邦內政部長阿米特·沙阿的影片引發了爭議，據稱該影片建議取消對落後階層的保留。

In response to these concerns, the Election Commission of India issued an advisory, cautioning political entities against creating deepfakes and spreading disinformation.

針對這些擔憂，印度選舉委員會發布了一項諮詢，警告政治實體不要製造深度偽造品和傳播虛假訊息。

AI's Economic Implications and India's Growth Story

人工智慧的經濟影響和印度的成長故事

India's recent investment of over $1.24 billion in the IndiaAI Mission reflects the government's commitment to fostering AI innovation and entrepreneurship. By 2028, India aspires to emerge as a $5 trillion economy, with emerging technologies like AI serving as pivotal catalysts for growth.

印度最近對 IndiaAI Mission 的投資超過 12.4 億美元，體現了政府對促進人工智慧創新和創業的承諾。到 2028 年，印度渴望成為 5 兆美元的經濟體，人工智慧等新興技術將成為成長的關鍵催化劑。

"AI's potential for economic development is immense," asserts Modi, who predicts that his party will secure a third consecutive term in the upcoming elections.

莫迪斷言：「人工智慧對經濟發展的潛力是巨大的。」他預測他的政黨將在即將到來的選舉中獲得連續第三個任期。

The Transformative Impact of AI on Campaigning

人工智慧對競選活動的變革性影響

The traditional modes of electioneering through public rallies and door-to-door outreach are increasingly complemented by AI-powered innovations. In the 2019 general election, India witnessed the extensive use of digital media, with WhatsApp emerging as a dominant platform.

透過公開集會和挨家挨戶宣傳進行的傳統競選模式日益得到人工智慧驅動的創新的補充。在2019年的大選中，印度見證了數位媒體的廣泛使用，WhatsApp成為主導平台。

The upcoming polls mark the first instance where virtually all political parties and candidates are leveraging AI to engage with voters. Estimates suggest that over $50 million will be invested in AI-generated election campaign materials.

即將到來的民調標誌著幾乎所有政黨和候選人都首次利用人工智慧與選民互動。據估計，人工智慧產生的競選材料將投入超過 5000 萬美元。

"AI-powered voice calls are being used to reach out to voters virtually, with AI generating the voice of local leaders and responding dynamically to voter inputs," explains Menon. "Resurrected AI-generated videos of deceased leaders are also being circulated to promote current party leadership."

「人工智慧驅動的語音通話被用來虛擬地接觸選民，人工智慧產生地方領導人的聲音並對選民的意見做出動態回應，」梅農解釋道。 “人工智慧生成的已故領導人的復活視頻也在傳播，以宣傳當前的黨的領導。”

Modi, himself an AI enthusiast, utilizes voice cloning technology to replicate his speeches in eight languages. Additionally, AI tools like 'Bhashini' aid in real-time language translation during campaign events.

莫迪本身就是一位人工智慧愛好者，他利用語音複製技術將他的演講複製成八種語言。此外，「Bhashini」等人工智慧工具有助於在競選活動期間進行即時語言翻譯。

"Predictive models fed with historical voting data, polling, and social media sentiment can forecast election outcomes with increasing accuracy, allowing parties to strategize their efforts more effectively," notes Raj Kapoor, founder of India Blockchain Alliance and chairman of the Global Alliance for Ethical AI Innovation.

印度區塊鏈聯盟創始人兼全球道德聯盟主席Raj Kapoor 表示：「根據歷史投票數據、民意調查和社交媒體情緒提供的預測模型可以更準確地預測選舉結果，使政黨能夠更有效地制定自己的努力戰略。

Computer vision analysis of images from social media enables parties to gauge voter emotions and tailor messaging accordingly. "AI has revolutionized micro-targeting," adds Kapoor. "Machine learning algorithms examine vast amounts of behavioral, psychographic, and demographic data to personalize messaging and enhance outreach."

對社群媒體圖像的電腦視覺分析使政黨能夠衡量選民的情緒並相應地調整訊息傳遞。 「人工智慧徹底改變了微觀目標定位，」卡普爾補充道。 “機器學習演算法檢查大量的行為、心理和人口統計數據，以個性化訊息傳遞並加強推廣。”

The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has utilized AI to maintain communication between its recently arrested leader, Arvind Kejriwal, and the public. AI tools have generated a voice clone and converted his written messages into spoken word.

Aam Aadmi 黨 (AAP) 利用人工智慧來維持其最近被捕的領導人 Arvind Kejriwal 與公眾之間的溝通。人工智慧工具產生了一個語音克隆，並將他的書面訊息轉換為口語。

Combating Misuse and Ensuring Ethical Deployment

打擊濫用並確保道德部署

While AI offers immense potential, its unregulated use poses significant risks. "India currently lacks clear regulations for AI-generated content, apart from guidelines on watermarking and testing for potential harm before public release," observes Menon. "A comprehensive regulatory framework for AI is expected to be released by July."

雖然人工智慧提供了巨大的潛力，但其不受監管的使用帶來了巨大的風險。梅農表示：“印度目前缺乏針對人工智慧生成內容的明確規定，除了關於在公開發布之前添加水印和測試潛在危害的指導方針。” “人工智慧的綜合監管框架預計將於 7​​ 月發布。”

Concerns surrounding privacy, security, and transparency loom large. "AI algorithms require massive amounts of data, raising questions about the collection, storage, and protection of voter information," states Kapoor. "The opacity of AI decision-making processes can erode trust in the electoral process, especially if algorithms exhibit biases or lack accountability."

圍繞隱私、安全和透明度的擔憂日益凸顯。卡普爾表示：“人工智慧演算法需要大量數據，這引發了有關選民資訊收集、存儲和保護的問題。” “人工智慧決策過程的不透明性可能會削弱人們對選舉過程的信任，特別是在演算法表現出偏見或缺乏問責制的情況下。”

Kapoor emphasizes the need for policymakers to navigate complex issues related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and ethical standards to ensure the responsible and equitable use of AI in elections. He cautions that "while AI holds promise for enhancing the electoral system's efficiency and effectiveness, widespread adoption hinges on addressing ethical, regulatory, and societal concerns to ensure a transparent, secure, and inclusive electoral process."

卡普爾強調，政策制定者需要解決與資料隱私、網路安全和道德標準相關的複雜問題，以確保在選舉中負責任和公平地使用人工智慧。他警告說，“雖然人工智慧有望提高選舉系統的效率和有效性，但廣泛採用取決於解決道德、監管和社會問題，以確保透明、安全和包容的選舉過程。”