如何贈送比特幣並阻止銷售

眾所周知，比特幣的真正價值來自於長期持有，至少五年。如果您的接收者有這種能力，贈送比特幣可能會很有價值，因此這裡有一些贈送比特幣並阻止出售的簡單技巧。

People who receive bitcoin as a gift may not appreciate the value of holding for the long term, especially if they are used to day trading or if they have a short time horizon. Here are some ways to gift bitcoin and discourage the recipient from selling it prematurely.

收到比特幣作為禮物的人可能不會欣賞長期持有的價值，特別是如果他們習慣於日內交易或時間範圍很短。以下是一些贈送比特幣並阻止接收者過早出售比特幣的方法。

Keep The Key Yourself

鑰匙自己保管

The simplest solution is to gift the bitcoin but keep the private key. When the time comes, the recipient can request the key from you, which you can furnish if you want. Since you have the key, in a sense you're not gifting the bitcoin at all since you're not granting the ability to spend the bitcoin. But who cares? Most people will be happy to receive the bitcoin and hear about their new bitcoin address and about the bitcoin that is locked in there. The nice thing about this is you can impose whatever incentive scheme you like to get the key in the future. For example, for kids, it could be "win the middle school chess tournament,” “become valedictorian,” or “generate your first $1 million in revenue in your startup.” You just need to be disciplined not to spend the bitcoin yourself.

最簡單的解決方案是贈送比特幣但保留私鑰。到了時間，收件人可以向您索取密鑰，如果需要，您也可以提供。既然你擁有金鑰，從某種意義上說，你根本就沒有贈送比特幣，因為你沒有授予使用比特幣的能力。但誰在乎呢？大多數人會很高興收到比特幣並了解他們的新比特幣地址以及鎖定在那裡的比特幣。這樣做的好處是，您可以實施任何您喜歡的激勵計劃，以便將來獲得鑰匙。例如，對於孩子來說，它可能是「贏得中學國際象棋錦標賽」、「成為告別演說者」或「在你的新創公司中創造你的第一個 100 萬美元收入」。你只需要遵守紀律，不要自己花掉比特幣。

Keep Part Of The Key

保留部分密鑰

To give more of a sense of ownership, you could give half of the key to your recipient and keep the other half yourself. For example, you could give them 12 of the 24 seed phrases. This way they feel like they have more ownership, even though they don't.

為了給人更多的主人翁感，您可以將一半的鑰匙交給收件人，另一半自己保留。例如，您可以向他們提供 24 個種子短語中的 12 個。這樣他們就會覺得自己擁有更多的所有權，儘管實際上並沒有。

If you wanted to make this more of a challenge, you could give them 20 out of the 24 seed phrases and then see if they can crack the private key. When you give enough seed phrases, this is computationally feasible by brute force. They would just need to figure out how to do it. What better way to incentivize learning to code? Proof of work!

如果您想讓這變得更具挑戰性，您可以給他們 24 個種子短語中的 20 個，然後看看他們是否可以破解私鑰。當你提供足夠的種子短語時，這在計算上是可行的。他們只需要弄清楚如何做。還有什麼更好的方法來激勵學習程式設計呢？工作證明！

Lock The Bitcoin In A Multisig

將比特幣鎖定在多重簽名中

You could give them bitcoin into a multisig address and give them one key while you keep the other. This is easier than using and splitting the seed phrase above. Giving them one key gives them a sense of ownership, and you could keep the remaining keys and use any of the incentive structures above. For example, this would work if mom and dad each had one key, and they each got to set their thresholds for when to reveal the other key to the kid.

你可以把比特幣交給他們一個多重簽名地址，然後給他們一把鑰匙，而你保留另一把。這比使用和分割上面的助記詞更容易。給他們一把鑰匙會給他們一種主人翁感，您可以保留其餘的鑰匙並使用上述任何激勵結構。例如，如果媽媽和爸爸每個人都有一把鑰匙，而他們每個人都必須設定何時向孩子透露另一把鑰匙的閾值，那麼這就會起作用。

Write A Time-Locked Transaction

編寫時間鎖定事務

Bitcoin has a native way to time delay a transaction, the nLockTime field in the transaction. This allows you to create a bitcoin transaction that will not get included in a block until it clears a certain block height, like block 1 million. This is a cool feature of Bitcoin that was there from the beginning. Time locks are used in the lightning network through hash time-locked contracts (HTLCs) and in degraded multisig schemes in Taproot. They are a really cool feature of programmable money.

比特幣有一種本地方式來延遲交易，即交易中的 nLockTime 欄位。這允許您創建一個比特幣交易，該交易在清除一定的區塊高度（例如 100 萬區塊）之前不會包含在區塊中。這是比特幣從一開始就存在的一個很酷的功能。時間鎖透過雜湊時間鎖定合約 (HTLC) 在閃電網路中以及 Taproot 中的降級多重簽章方案中使用。它們是可程式貨幣的一個非常酷的功能。

One wrinkle with time locks is that the person creating the transaction can always spend the inputs in another transaction before the time lock if he or she wants. Suppose Alice gives Bob one bitcoin in a transaction that will activate only after block 1 million. Alice gives this transaction to Bob. Bob can broadcast it, but no node would verify it and no miner would include it in a block because of the time lock, so Alice's transaction output that is funding this gift remains unspent.

時間鎖的一個問題是，如果創建交易的人願意，他或她總是可以在時間鎖之前將輸入花費在另一筆交易中。假設愛麗絲在一筆交易中給了鮑伯一枚比特幣，該交易只有在第 100 萬個區塊後才會啟動。愛麗絲將這筆交易交給鮑伯。鮑勃可以廣播它，但沒有節點會驗證它，並且由於時間鎖定，沒有礦工會將其包含在區塊中，因此愛麗絲為這筆禮物提供資金的交易輸出仍未花費。

Before block s1 million, Alice could write a second transaction to Carol funding it with the same UTXO. If that transaction has an earlier time lock or none at all, then Carol could broadcast it to the network and claim the bitcoin that was meant for Bob. When Bob tries to broadcast, there would be no bitcoin to receive.

在 s100 萬區塊之前，Alice 可以向 Carol 寫入第二筆交易，並使用相同的 UTXO 為其提供資金。如果該交易有較早的時間鎖定或根本沒有時間鎖定，那麼卡羅爾可以將其廣播到網路並索取本來屬於鮑勃的比特幣。當鮑伯嘗試廣播時，將不會收到比特幣。

There was a soft fork in Bitcoin a few years ago called "check lock time verify," CTLV, that fixed this problem by locking not just the transaction but the actual transaction output. That's a more complex solution that I won't get into here.

幾年前，比特幣中有一個軟分叉，稱為「檢查鎖定時間驗證」CTLV，它透過不僅鎖定交易而且鎖定實際交易輸出來解決這個問題。這是一個更複雜的解決方案，我不會在這裡討論。

There is another issue with time locks. When Alice creates the time-locked transaction for Bob, she needs to specify the transaction fees. It's easy to forecast these fees in the short term, but in the long term, it's hard to know what future transaction fees will be. If you underestimate the fees, then Bob may never be able to confirm his transaction on the network because the fees are too low. If you overestimate the fees, then you're overpaying the miners, which is probably a lesser problem. This may not seem like a problem for time locks a few years in advance, but imagine sending bitcoin to your grandkids in 50 years. Regardless, I think making use of time locks in bitcoin is an interesting opportunity, and more businesses that do this can unlock some of the true programmability of money.

時間鎖定還有另一個問題。當Alice為Bob創建時間鎖定交易時，她需要指定交易費用。短期內預測這些費用很容易，但從長期來看，很難知道未來的交易費用是多少。如果您低估了費用，那麼鮑勃可能永遠無法在網路上確認他的交易，因為費用太低。如果您高估了費用，那麼您就向礦工支付了過高的費用，這可能是一個較小的問題。對於提前幾年鎖定時間來說，這似乎不是問題，但想像一下 50 年後將比特幣發送給你的孫子。無論如何，我認為利用比特幣的時間鎖是一個有趣的機會，更多這樣做的企業可以解鎖貨幣的一些真正的可編程性。

One workaround here is for Alice to create multiple time-locked transactions. Each transaction is sourced from the same UTXO and sent to Bob’s address, but each has different transaction fees, ranging from low

這裡的一種解決方法是 Alice 建立多個時間鎖定交易。每筆交易都源自同一個 UTXO 並發送到 Bob 的地址，但每筆交易的費用不同，從低到高不等。