0x is built on top of the Ethereum blockchain. As a result, it is protected against attacks by the combined efforts of the massive Ethereum miner and node network. As for the underlying smart contracts, version 3 of the protocol has been audited by several third party firms which checked to see if there were any underlying vulnerabilities, backdoors and redundant functions, including [ConsenSys Diligence](https://diligence.consensys.net/audits/2019/09/0x-v3-exchange/) — no major issues were found. However, a vulnerability was found in the v2.0 smart contract, which was later patched by the 0x core team. This vulnerability was [detected](https://blog.0xproject.com/shut-down-of-0x-exchange-v2-0-contract-and-migration-to-patched-version-6185097a1f39) by an independent researcher and was not exploited. 0x continues to operate a generous bug bounty, to help detect and patch any issues before they can be exploited.

Like many digital assets, the ZRX token has a fixed maximum supply that will never be exceeded. This is set to 1 billion ZRX. Right now, around three quarters of this maximum supply is already in circulation, and just a small fraction of this is locked up for staking rewards. Unlike many protocols, 0x has never publicly described the emission rate for new ZRX tokens, making it difficult to say how long it will take until the circulating supply is fully diluted. But with 50% of the circulating supply released when the token launched in August 2017 and 75% of the supply released as of October 2020, this indicates it may achieve full dilution in the early 2020s. As per an [early blog entry](https://blog.0xproject.com/announcing-the-0x-token-zrx-launch-d4c097d893c7) by 0x CEO Will Warren, half of the total ZRX token supply was sold to investors in the 2017 ICO, whereas 15% each is reserved for the 0x core development organization and external project development fund, while a further 10% is reserved for the founding team with a four year vesting schedule and one year cliff, and the remaining 10% is retained for early backers and advisors.

Unlike many other Ethereum decentralized exchange protocols, 0x supports both fungible (ERC20) and non-fungible (ERC-723) tokens. This means it can be used for the permissionless trading of a wide range of assets, giving holders a way to buy, sell and exchange the vast majority of Ethereum assets through more than a dozen different apps. The 0x protocol can be applied to a wide range of use cases, including eBay-style marketplaces for digital goods and services, OTC trading desks, exchange functionality for DeFi protocols and plain-old decentralized exchanges. Although 0x can be used to build highly flexible exchange products, it can also be built into products where asset exchange is a secondary feature — such as for in-game purchases and portfolio management platforms. On the 0x protocol, liquidity takers pay a fee in the form of ZRX tokens — this fee is used to incentivize market maker (relayer) liquidity. Users also need to pay a protocol fee in the form of Ether (ETH), which is used to pay for the gas used in any transactions they complete. As an open-source protocol, 0x does not receive any share of this revenue, and is instead supported by ZRX tokens unlocked as team and developer incentives — along with its initial ICO funding.

0x was founded in 2016 by Will Warren and Amir Bandeali. The two co-founders continue to serve the platform, with Will Warren as 0x's CEO, whereas Amir Bandeali is CTO. The platform launched following a successful initial coin offering ([ICO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)) in 2017, during which it raised a total of $24 million — with support from prominent investment firms including Polychain Capital, Pantera Capital and FBG Capital. Prior to the sell-out ICO, Warren worked in several research roles and briefly held the role of technical advisor to [Basic Attention Token (BAT)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/basic-attention-token/). Bandeali, on the other hand, graduated from the University of Illinois with a BSc in Finance and held several trading positions before co-founding 0x. Now the team is composed of more than 30 individuals, including engineers, researchers and designers who work to update the platform and keep it running smoothly.

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/)) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange. 0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable [smart contracts](https://github.com/0xProject/protocol/) that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products. The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated [https://explorer.0x.org/](https://). The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its [community treasury](https://0x.org/zrx/treasury).

USDD is listed on crypto exchanges, including [KuCoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/kucoin/), [PancakeSwap (V2)](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/pancakeswap-v2/), [Uniswap (V3)](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/uniswap-v3/), [SushiSwap](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/sushiswap/), [Gate.io](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/gate-io/), [Poloniex](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/poloniex/), [Huobi](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/huobi/), [Bybit](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bybit/) and more.

Any stablecoin’s security relies heavily on the stability of the assets that underpin it. As such, the USDD protocol over-collateralizes the protocol with highly liquid assets, including BTC, TUSD and TRX. In order to keep the currency stable when its reserve assets’ values change as a result of adverse market conditions, the protocol’s monetary policy allows it to adjust the reserve asset ratios dynamically.

USDD stablecoin is intended to maintain a fixed exchange rate of 1:1 with the US dollar. This implies that for every USDD coin in circulation, a corresponding amount of US dollars is set aside in reserve. $2 billion worth of USDD has been authorized, while $1.25 billion worth of coins remain authorized but not yet issued. As of June 2023, the total supply of USDD is around $741K, and the total collateral is around $1.2 billion. These are mainly held in TRX, BTC and TUSD.

USDD is issued and redeemed via smart contracts on TRON. This allows for fast and secure transactions, as well as transparent and verifiable records of USDD issuance and redemption. It also lets users join [staking pools](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/staking-pool). A decentralized community of stakeholders oversees the management and development of USDD, and makes decisions on behalf of the wider community via the TRON DAO Reserve (TDR). The TDR is the principal custodian of USDD and is responsible for preserving the value of the currency and maintaining a stable exchange rate. It was established as a separate financial organization to protect the Tron ecosystem against the effects of extended economic downturns, financial panic, and unstable exchange prices for both centralized and decentralized Tron stable currency. Its primary roles are as a lender of last resort, a regulator of risk-free interest rates, a manager of liquidity through the release and restriction of funds, and an implementer of monetary and exchange rate policies.

Justin Sun is the founder of the TRON, which is behind the USDD stablecoin. Launched on May 5, 2022, USDD is on the TRON blockchain and is also available on Ethereum and BNB Chain.

USDD is a [stablecoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/algorithmic-stablecoin) issued by the TRON DAO Reserve. It’s pegged to the value of the US dollar and aims to provide a reliable, decentralized cryptocurrency for [blockchain](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) transactions. USDD can be used for payments, trading, [staking](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/staking) and as a value store. USDD is backed by a number of cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum and [TRON](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-tron). To ensure stability and security, the reserve is over-collateralized, meaning that it holds more assets than the amount of USDD currently in circulation.

IoTeX (IOTX) can be bought and sold on many exchanges, including: * [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/binance/) * [Coinbase](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/coinbase-exchange/) * [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/huobi-global/) * [Kucoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/kucoin/) * [Pancakeswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/pancakeswap-v2/) * [mimoswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/mimo-exchange/)

IoTeX has several mechanisms that ensure the privacy of users and transactions. Some of these are ring signatures and the reliable payment code that hides the transaction receiver’s address. Delegated proof-of-stake works by having stakeholders vote for the block producers on the network. The number of block producers is set and once they are elected, they are responsible for adding new blocks to the blockchain. For doing it, they receive rewards that they can distribute to the stakeholders who voted for them, incentivizing block producers to continue working and stakeholders to continue voting for block producers.

IoTeX is the decentralized backbone for machine economics which serves machines ranging from smart home devices to autonomous vehicles. To this end, IoTeX has built and launched a fast, high-performance, and EVM-compatible blockchain that provides flexibility and scalability for various applications. Also, middlewares and Dapps are built on top of the blockchain to bring self-sovereign devices and real-world oracles into reality. IOTX is the native coin that governs the underlying blockchain protocol while being used as the gas for the blockchain protocol. Burndrop (http://burndrop.iotex.io/) is a unique economical design that leads to deflation of IOTX while the number of devices orchestrated by IoTeX increases.

The founders of IoTeX are Raullen Chai, Qevan Guo, Xinxin Fan, and Jing Sun. Besides being the co-founder of IoTeX, Raullen Chai is also an advisor at BootUP Ventures and is a member of the Industrial Distributed Ledger Task Group at Industrial Internet Consortium. He used to work as lead of crypto R&D and engineering security at Uber. Qevan Guo is also a co-founder of Hyperconnect Lab. He used to be a research scientist and engineering manager at Facebook. Before co-founding IoTeX, Xinxin Fan was a senior research engineer at Bosch Research and Technology Center, North America. He has also worked as a research associate and project manager at the University of Waterloo. Jing Sun also works as a managing partner at Sparkland Capital. She is an LP investor at Polychain Capital and an angel investor at Rippling.

Starting as an open-source project in 2017, IoTeX has built a decentralized platform whose aim is to empower the open economics for machines — an open ecosystem where people and machines can interact with guaranteed trust, free will, and under properly designed economic incentives. With a global team of over 40 research scientists and engineers, IoTeX has built their EVM-compatible blockchain from scratch using the innovative Roll-DPoS consensus and launched in 2019 April, which has been running by 100+ delegates worldwide and has processed more than 10 million transactions already. On top of the IoTeX blockchain, the team has built the essential blocks of infrastructures to connect with Ethereum, BSC, and Heco blockchains such as ioPay wallet (https://iopay.me/) and ioTube bridge (https://iotube.org/), which serve ten thousands of users. IoTeX helps EVM-based DApps scale without concerning expensive gas fees! Besides, middleware such as Decentralized Identity, Confidential Computing, and Secure Hardware has been built on top of the IoTeX blockchain. This has enabled the creation of self-sovereign devices such as Ucam, and real-world data oracles like Pebble. Ucam (https://ucam.iotex.io/) has been deployed to over 3000 households (http://iott.network/). Meanwhile, Pebble has been launched to more than 300 developers initially, and enables innovative Dapps to connect the physical world with the crypto world, such as real-world NFTs, weather derivatives and machine learning-as-mining.

XDC is available through [KuCoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/kucoin/), [Bitfinex](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bitfinex/), [Huobi](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/huobi/), [Bybit](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bybit/), [Bittrex](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bittrex/), [Gate.io](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/gate-io/), [ProBit Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/probit-exchange/), [Bitget](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bitget/), [CoinEx](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/coinex/), [Indodax](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/indodax/), [CoinDCX](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/coindcx/), [CEX.IO](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/cex-io/) and [Bitrue](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bitrue/). Download the CMC [mobile app](https://coinmarketcap.com/mobile/) to track the price of XDC in real-time. New to crypto? Find out everything you need to know with our dedicated education portal — [Alexandria](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria).

XDC Network (XDC) is secured through an environmentally friendly and highly efficient [dPoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/delegated-proof-of-stake-dpos) consensus algorithm known as XinFin delegated Proof-of-Stake (XDPoS). It’s more advanced and secure than other algorithms, as it leverages the node mechanism and produces blocks more efficiently. The algorithm also features a self-KYC feature, and has [KYC](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/kyc) implementation on the nodes.

The blockchain’s native token, [XDC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/xinfin/), fuels transactional activities and smart contracts on the network, and facilitates cross-border trade. It powers the whole ecosystem and acts as a payment and settlement facility. Users need XDC tokens to process transactions and pay gas fees on XDC. They can stake their tokens and receive XDC rewards in exchange for processing transactions and contributing to the network’s security. Decentralized applications, or [dApps](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-applications-dapps), developed on the platform use XDC as a utility token as well. XDC has a total supply of 37,705,012,699 coins and a circulating supply of 13,828,679,553 coins, as of April 2023. The token distribution is as follows: rewards for network participants (32.5%); team (25%); ecosystem (15%); hedge pool (10%); pre-placement and token offering (10%); charities (5%); reserves (2.5%).

The XDC Network is an [EVM](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm)-compatible, [layer 1 blockchain](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/layer-1-blockchain) that is compatible with the global payment messaging standard, ISO 20022, making it a convenient platform onto which developers and financial institutions can build applications. Additionally, the platform launched the XDCPay app: a web extension with support for some popular browsers, which claims to simplify the user experience for investors and businesses. XDC wants to address the challenges that early blockchain networks failed to address: low network bandwidth, unreasonably high fees and a poor experience for developers. The platform also supports [smart contracts](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract), so developers have the option of building apps and protocols on the blockchain. It allows for the deployment of [layer 2](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/layer-2) digital assets (via Origin), and employs sharding to process transactions faster (over 2000 transactions per second). The platform is an open-source hybrid blockchain for global trade and finance. Thanks to its hybrid design, XDC interacts with both public and private blockchains. The system provides hybrid relay bridges that retransmit transactions into the public network.

XinFin was founded in 2017 and is based in Singapore. The platform's founders are Ritesh Kakkad, Atul Khekade and Karan Bhardwaj. In 2018, however, Bhardwaj resigned to devote more time to his own startup, Elatior Tech. Ritesh Kakkad is a tech entrepreneur with extensive experience in the blockchain industry. He earned his bachelor's degree in commerce, accounting, and finance from the University of Mumbai in India. Before joining XinFin, he helped establish the solutions and application development firm IndSoft Systems. Atul Khekade is a skilled computer engineer and programmer who establishes new technology companies and provides funding for emerging platforms on XDC. He was instrumental in the development of MonetaGo, a financial technology firm that works to combat online fraud. On top of that, he was instrumental in the development of Airnetz, a hybrid online-offline travel agency. He graduated from India's Sardar Patel College of Engineering with a degree in IT.

XDC Network (formerly known as XinFin Network) is a hybrid (public / [private](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/private-blockchain)) [blockchain](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) platform that combines the transparency of [public blockchains](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/public-blockchain) with the speed and security of private networks. With the help of blockchain technology and state-of-the-art infrastructure, the project intends to provide streamlined financial services to its users. The protocol’s open-source software uses a [delegated-Proof-of-Stake](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/delegated-proof-of-stake-dpos) (XDPoS) consensus mechanism, which facilitates fast transactions, interoperability, and cybersecurity. The network can process 2000 [transactions per second](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/transactions-per-second) (TPS), and thanks to interoperable [smart contracts](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) and [Ethereum Virtual Machine](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) (EVM) compatibility, users can more easily scale their projects.

AltLayer is an open and decentralized protocol for rollups. AltLayer brings together a novel idea of Restaked Rollups which takes rollups (spun from any rollup stack such as OP Stack, Arbitrum Orbit, Polygon CDK, ZK Stack, etc.) and provides them with enhanced security, decentralization, interoperability and crypto-economic fast finality by leveraging restaking mechanism. ALT is AltLayer's native utility token and is used in the following functions: Economic bond: ALT token will be used alongside restaked assets to provide economic stake. This stake can be slashed if a malicious behavior is detected. Governance: ALT token holders can vote on governance decisions. Protocol Incentivization: Operators in the AltLayer ecosystem can earn ALT tokens as rewards for their services. Protocol Fees: Network participants will need to pay for intra-network services in ALT tokens. AltLayer’s core offering of restaked rollups consists of three key products: VITAL: An Actively Validated Service (AVS), where operators verify blocks and the corresponding states committed by the rollup sequencer and raise fraud proof challenges if necessary. MACH: A protocol to provide faster finality to rollups by allowing operators to restake Ethereum-based assets to back any claims on the rollup state. SQUAD: Offer decentralized sequencing with economic backing. Decentralized sequencing eliminates short-term liveness concerns, bad MEV, rent extractions and other issues associated with rollups that operate with a single sequencer. AltLayer has raised 22.8MM USD from two rounds of private token sales, where 18.50% of the ALT total token supply has been sold at 0.008 USD / ALT and 0.018 USD / ALT respectively. AltLayer’s investors include Polychain Capital, Binance Labs, Jump Crypto, Breyer Capital, DAO5, Balaji Srinivasan (former CTO of Coinbase and former GP of a16z), Gavin Wood (Co-Founder of Ethereum and Parity), Sean Neville (Circle Co-Founder and USDC architect) and Ryan Selkis (Founder of Messari), among others. As of January 17th 2024, the total supply of ALT is 10,000,000,000 and the circulating supply upon listing will be 1,100,000,000 (11.00% of the total token supply.)

GMT is available on [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/binance/), [OKX](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/okx/), [Bybit](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/bybit/), [CoinTiger](https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/cointiger/) and more. Check out the [market pairs page](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/green-metaverse-token/markets/) directly on CoinMarketCap. Learn more about how to buy STEPN, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies on CoinMarketCap’s educational portal — [Alexandria](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/).

GMT has a [total supply](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/total-supply) of 6 billion and is distributed as follows: * Move and Earn: 30% * Ecosystem and treasury: 30% * Private sale: 16.3% * Launchpad sale: 7% * Team :14.2% * Advisors: 2.5%

FSL was founded in August 2021 by Australian blockchain entrepreneur [Yawn Rong](https://www.linkedin.com/in/yawn-rong-4b4b1861/). Mr. Rong has previously founded Crypto SA, an Australian crypto fund and pro-regulation auditor, and has served as an ambassador for [Algorand](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/algorand/) and as an industry representative of the South Australian Blockchain Association. He founded STEPN with his neighbor and partner [Jerry Huang](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerry2046), a game developer and former founder of Falafel Games. FSL raised a significant $5 million seed round from some of the biggest [crypto venture capital firms](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-the-top-crypto-venture-capital-firms) like Sequoia Capital, Folius Ventures, Solana Capital, Alameda Research, 6th Man Ventures, DeFi Alliance and several others. Several notable angel investors include [Santiago R Santos](https://twitter.com/santiagoroel) and Asia Partner of Republic Zhen Cao.

Find Satoshi Lab (FSL) is a fast growing web3 product development studio. We believe in building a range of enjoyable web3 products that are close to people’s lives. FSL aims to accelerate the world’s transition to web3. FLS's product suite includes STEPN, MOOAR, Gas Hero, and DOOAR. STEPN is a Web3 app that combines Game-Fi and Social-Fi elements, focusing on encouraging people to move more. Users equip NFT Sneakers to walk, jog, or run outdoors, earning tokens and mystery boxes. STEPN's goal is to promote a healthier lifestyle, help fight climate change, and introduce people to Web3. MOOAR is a multi-chain NFT marketplace that rewards trading in a fun and gamified way. By engaging in trading activities and earning XP, members can acquire MOOAR Boxes. These boxes contain shards, which can be used to unlock Bluechip NFTs or traded with other users. Unlock additional perks by becoming a MOOAR+ member and delve into the enhanced experience of MOOAR. Gas Hero is a web3 strategy game with social elements that utilizes the FSL ecosystem token, GMT. The game incorporates Hero NFTs that can be equipped with weapons and pets, allowing players to embark on adventures and earn in-game assets. Join the battle for power, wealth, and glory in this exciting gaming experience. DOOAR utilizes smart contract technology to trade cryptocurrency without external custodians, that facilitates the liquidity and transactions within the FSL ecosystem. DOOAR is supported by a 1% trading fee, which is used to support the FSL ecosystem to facilitate its growth and development.

[GMT](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/green-metaverse-token/) is the native token of the FSL ecosystem, with a fixed supply of 6 billion tokens. GMT is well used in all FSL ecosystem products to be burned, used to unlock various functions and perks.

If you want to stay up to date with the latest developments and updates, join the Golem Network Discord community here: https://chat.golem.network/ On Discord you can also find support to become a Provider or a Requestor in the Golem platform.

GLM or Golem Network Token is needed to pay for computations on the network and is the currency that drives the marketplace. As a Requestor, you set a bid for an amount of GLM you are willing to pay to have your task completed. As a Provider, you earn GLM by computing tasks for Requestors.