量子计算重新出现，对比特币的长期弹性构成越来越大的风险

去年年底，量子计算的快速进步引发了加密货币领域日益增长的担忧，尤其是对比特币长期弹性的担忧似乎再次浮出水面。

Rapid advancements in quantum computing technology have sparked renewed concerns within the cryptocurrency sector, particularly regarding the long-term resilience of proof-of-work (PoW) blockchains like Bitcoin.

量子计算技术的快速进步引发了加密货币领域的新担忧，特别是关于比特币等工作量证明（PoW）区块链的长期弹性。

On-chain data analytics platform CryptoQuant recently highlighted these risks in a series of posts on X, focusing on two critical aspects: Bitcoin mining security and private key vulnerabilities.

链上数据分析平台 CryptoQuant 最近在 X 上的一系列帖子中强调了这些风险，重点关注两个关键方面：比特币挖矿安全和私钥漏洞。

As quantum technologies progress, both present significant challenges to the cryptocurrency landscape.

随着量子技术的进步，两者都对加密货币领域提出了重大挑战。

Quantum Threats to Bitcoin Mining and Network SecurityBitcoin's PoW system relies heavily on computational power to validate transactions and secure the network. The SHA-256 hash function, central to Bitcoin mining, currently ensures strong security by making it extremely difficult for malicious actors to tamper with the blockchain.

对比特币挖矿和网络安全的量子威胁比特币的 PoW 系统严重依赖计算能力来验证交易和保护网络。 SHA-256 哈希函数是比特币挖矿的核心，目前通过使恶意行为者极难篡改区块链来确保强大的安全性。

However, CryptoQuant warns that quantum algorithms, particularly those leveraging advanced algorithms like Grover's, could substantially "accelerate hash-solving processes."

然而，CryptoQuant 警告说，量子算法，尤其是那些利用 Grover 等先进算法的算法，可能会大大“加速哈希求解过程”。

If quantum computers become capable of outperforming classical mining hardware in this aspect, it could drastically alter the power dynamics in mining.

如果量子计算机在这方面能够超越经典采矿硬件，它可能会极大地改变采矿业的动力动态。

Quantum-equipped miners would gain a significant advantage in block validation, potentially leading to a scenario where they dominate the mining process. Such an occurrence would not only disrupt network consensus but also compromise Bitcoin's decentralized structure.

配备量子的矿工将在区块验证方面获得显着优势，可能导致他们主导采矿过程。这种情况的发生不仅会破坏网络共识，还会损害比特币的去中心化结构。

To mitigate these risks, CryptoQuant emphasizes the importance of maintaining a significant share of non-quantum computing hash power in the network. A diverse and healthy mining ecosystem would ensure that no single entity, whether quantum or otherwise, can gain disproportionate control.

为了减轻这些风险，CryptoQuant 强调在网络中维持重要份额的非量子计算哈希能力的重要性。多元化、健康的挖矿生态系统将确保任何单一实体，无论是量子实体还是其他实体，都无法获得不成比例的控制权。

This aligns with the decentralized ethos of Bitcoin and ensures its long-term resilience in the face of evolving technological advancements.

这与比特币的去中心化精神相一致，并确保其在面对不断发展的技术进步时具有长期的弹性。

As quantum computing continues to advance, it remains crucial for stakeholders, including miners, developers, and the broader crypto community, to closely monitor these developments and take necessary steps to secure the Bitcoin network.

随着量子计算的不断发展，对于包括矿工、开发者和更广泛的加密社区在内的利益相关者来说，密切监控这些发展并采取必要的措施来保护比特币网络仍然至关重要。

Private Key Security: Vulnerabilities And AdaptationsBeyond mining, quantum computing also presents risks to the security of private keys used in cryptocurrencies like BTC. The Bitcoin network utilizes cryptographic systems to secure wallets and transactions, with public and private keys forming the basis of ownership.

私钥安全：漏洞和适应除了挖矿之外，量子计算还给 BTC 等加密货币中使用的私钥的安全带来风险。比特币网络利用加密系统来保护钱包和交易，公钥和私钥构成所有权的基础。

According to CryptoQuant, Shor’s Algorithm could theoretically enable quantum computers to deduce private keys from public keys, thereby rendering cryptographic systems used in Bitcoin vulnerable.

根据 CryptoQuant 的说法，肖尔算法理论上可以使量子计算机从公钥推导出私钥，从而使比特币中使用的加密系统变得脆弱。

Particularly at risk are Pay-to-Public-Key (P2PK) addresses, where the public key directly serves as the wallet address. In contrast, Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash (P2PKH) addresses provide an additional layer of security by hashing public keys.

尤其面临风险的是公共密钥支付（P2PK）地址，其中公共密钥直接充当钱包地址。相比之下，支付公钥哈希 (P2PKH) 地址通过哈希公钥提供了额外的安全层。

However, when BTC from these addresses is transferred, the public key is exposed, increasing susceptibility to quantum attacks. CryptoQuant also observed a notable increase in P2PKH address usage, rising by 14% in recent months.

然而，当这些地址中的 BTC 被转移时，公钥就会暴露，从而增加了受到量子攻击的可能性。 CryptoQuant 还观察到 P2PKH 地址使用量显着增加，近几个月增长了 14%。

While the exact cause of this shift is unclear, it suggests heightened awareness and caution among Bitcoin holders regarding quantum vulnerabilities.

虽然这种转变的确切原因尚不清楚，但它表明比特币持有者对量子漏洞的认识和谨慎程度有所提高。