乐观汇总：以太坊可扩展性之旅的突破

乐观汇总是以太坊可扩展性解决方案的一个组成部分，它可以处理链下交易以减少拥堵和汽油费。这些汇总的运行方式是假设交易有效并将它们作为单个块发送到主网，由于没有立即验证，因此可以实现高交易吞吐量。然而，用户可以使用“故障证明”来质疑无效交易，以确保系统的完整性。 Optimistic rollups 是 Optimism OP Stack 的关键部分，OP Stack 是一个用于以太坊可扩展性的综合软件套件。

Optimistic Rollups: A Scalability Solution for Ethereum

乐观汇总：以太坊的可扩展性解决方案

Amidst the burgeoning realm of blockchain technology, the Ethereum network has emerged as a formidable platform for decentralized applications and smart contract functionality. However, as Ethereum's popularity has surged, so too has the issue of network congestion, resulting in prolonged transaction times and exorbitant gas fees.

在区块链技术的蓬勃发展中，以太坊网络已成为去中心化应用程序和智能合约功能的强大平台。然而，随着以太坊的普及，网络拥塞问题也随之而来，导致交易时间延长和高昂的天然气费用。

To address these scalability challenges, developers have devised an array of Layer-2 solutions, including optimistic rollups, which offer a promising approach to enhance Ethereum's transaction processing capabilities.

为了解决这些可扩展性挑战，开发人员设计了一系列 Layer-2 解决方案，包括乐观汇总，它提供了一种有前途的方法来增强以太坊的交易处理能力。

Understanding Optimistic Rollups

了解乐观汇总

Optimistic rollups operate on the principle of optimistic validation, wherein all transactions within a block are initially assumed to be valid. This assumption enables rapid transaction processing, as the burden of validation is deferred until later.

乐观汇总按照乐观验证的原则进行操作，其中块内的所有交易最初都被假定为有效。这种假设可以实现快速交易处理，因为验证的负担被推迟到以后。

At the core of an optimistic rollup is a "sequencer," a specialized node responsible for aggregating and bundling transactions into blocks. These blocks are then submitted to the Ethereum mainnet, where they are recorded as a single transaction, known as a state commitment.

乐观汇总的核心是“定序器”，这是一个专门的节点，负责将交易聚合并捆绑到区块中。然后，这些块被提交到以太坊主网，在那里它们被记录为单个交易，称为状态承诺。

Benefits of Optimistic Rollups

乐观汇总的好处

The absence of real-time validation during transaction processing grants optimistic rollups several advantages over conventional blockchain protocols.

交易处理过程中缺乏实时验证使得乐观汇总比传统区块链协议具有多个优势。

1. High Transaction Throughput: By eliminating the need for immediate validation, optimistic rollups significantly increase the number of transactions that can be processed per second. This enhanced throughput alleviates network congestion and reduces transaction delays.
2. Reduced Gas Fees: The aggregation of numerous transactions into a single block significantly lowers the gas costs associated with each individual transaction. Users can enjoy substantial savings compared to direct transactions on the Ethereum mainnet.

Fraud Detection and Dispute Resolution

高事务吞吐量：通过消除立即验证的需要，乐观汇总显着增加了每秒可处理的事务数量。这种增强的吞吐量缓解了网络拥塞并减少了交易延迟。 降低了 Gas 费用：将大量交易聚合到一个区块中可以显着降低与每笔交易相关的 Gas 成本。与以太坊主网上直接交易相比，用户可以享受大幅节省。 欺诈检测和争议解决

While optimistic rollups assume the validity of transactions, a mechanism exists to challenge any fraudulent or invalid entries. Any user can submit a "fraud proof" during a designated period to dispute a transaction.

虽然乐观汇总假设交易的有效性，但存在一种机制来质疑任何欺诈或无效条目。任何用户都可以在指定期限内提交“欺诈证明”来对交易提出异议。

If a fraud proof is successful, the contested state commitment is removed from the chain and replaced with a corrected version. This dispute resolution process ensures the integrity and security of the optimistic rollup system.

如果欺诈证明成功，有争议的国家承诺将从链中删除并替换为更正的版本。此争议解决过程确保了 Optimistic Rollup 系统的完整性和安全性。

Optimism and the OP Stack

乐观主义和 OP 堆栈

Optimism, a prominent provider of Layer-2 scaling solutions, leverages optimistic rollups as the foundation of its comprehensive software suite, the OP Stack. This comprehensive set of tools offers a diverse range of capabilities for developers and users, including:

Optimism 是一家著名的 Layer-2 扩展解决方案提供商，利用 Optimistic Rollup 作为其综合软件套件 OP Stack 的基础。这套全面的工具为开发人员和用户提供了多种功能，包括：

1. L1 Bridge: A secure and efficient gateway for transferring assets between Ethereum and Optimism's Layer-2 network.
2. Sequencer: A high-performance node responsible for ordering and bundling transactions for inclusion in rollups.
3. Dispute Manager: A specialized contract that facilitates the submission and adjudication of fraud proofs.
4. Optimistic Virtual Machine (OVM): A modified version of the Ethereum Virtual Machine that enables smart contract execution on Optimism's Layer-2 chain.

Conclusion

L1 桥：用于在以太坊和 Optimism 的第 2 层网络之间转移资产的安全高效的网关。排序器：负责排序和捆绑交易以包含在汇总中的高性能节点。争议管理器：促进提交和裁决的专门合约Optimistic 虚拟机 (OVM)：以太坊虚拟机的修改版本，可在 Optimism 的第 2 层链上执行智能合约。结论

Optimistic rollups represent a significant advancement in Ethereum's scalability landscape. By embracing the power of optimistic validation, these solutions offer lightning-fast transaction processing, reduced gas fees, and robust fraud detection mechanisms. As the Ethereum ecosystem continues to evolve, optimistic rollups are poised to play a transformative role in unlocking the full potential of decentralized applications.

乐观汇总代表了以太坊可扩展性领域的重大进步。通过利用乐观验证的力量，这些解决方案提供了闪电般快速的交易处理、降低的汽油费和强大的欺诈检测机制。随着以太坊生态系统的不断发展，乐观汇总将在释放去中心化应用程序的全部潜力方面发挥变革性作用。