什么是以太坊 2.0 质押？赚取被动收入的初学者指南

近几个月来，质押越来越受欢迎，ETH 不断扩大的用例促使众多投资者纷纷买入该货币。

Crypto staking, which was created to secure a blockchain network, has taken off, and more investors are looking for sites where they may stake Ethereum. Simply put, staking Ethereum is the act of storing a given quantity of Ethereum for a particular period for the purpose of contributing to the security of the blockchain network and also receive Ethereum staking rewards.

为保护区块链网络而创建的加密货币质押已经开始流行，越来越多的投资者正在寻找可以质押以太坊的网站。简单来说，质押以太坊就是在特定时期内存储一定数量的以太币，目的是为区块链网络的安全做出贡献，同时获得以太坊质押奖励。

What Is Ethereum 2.0?

什么是以太坊2.0？

Ethereum 2.0, also known as Serenity or ETH 2.0, is a multi-level update to Ethereum. Its main goal is to enhance Ethereum’s transaction capacity, lower fees, and make the network more sustainable. Ethereum 2.0 (ETH2) is a network upgrade that attempts to improve the security and scalability of the Ethereum network. Ethereum’s existing mining process will be replaced by a staking model as part of this upgrade.

以太坊 2.0，也称为 Serenity 或 ETH 2.0，是以太坊的多级更新。其主要目标是增强以太坊的交易能力、降低费用并使网络更具可持续性。以太坊2.0（ETH2）是一次网络升级，试图提高以太坊网络的安全性和可扩展性。作为此次升级的一部分，以太坊现有的挖矿流程将被质押模型取代。

The method on which the earlier and new versions of Ethereum are based or used is the critical difference between them. The Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism is used in Ethereum 2.0, while the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism is used in Ethereum.

以太坊的早期版本和新版本所基于或使用的方法是它们之间的关键区别。以太坊2.0采用的是权益证明（PoS）共识机制，而以太坊采用的是工作量证明（PoW）共识机制。

What Is Ethereum Proof of Stake?

什么是以太坊权益证明？

Ethereum protocol developers have switched from a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus model to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus model as part of their intentions to enable a faster and more environmentally friendly transaction validation procedure. Unlike mining, staking can be done on regular PCs or laptops, eliminating the need for electricity mining equipment.

以太坊协议开发人员已从工作量证明 (PoW) 共识模型转向权益证明 (PoS) 共识模型，以实现更快、更环保的交易验证程序。与挖矿不同，质押可以在普通个人电脑或笔记本电脑上完成，无需电力挖矿设备。

Ethereum Proof-of-stake is a consensus mechanism that blockchain networks use to reach distributed consensus in which users must stake a certain amount of Ethereum to become validators, as opposed to proof-of-work, which requires users to buy and run mining equipment, or proof-of-authority, which requires users to show proof of their identities. Validators, like miners in proof-of-work, are in charge of arranging transactions and constructing new blocks so that all nodes can agree on the network’s state.

以太坊权益证明是区块链网络用来达成分布式共识的一种共识机制，其中用户必须抵押一定数量的以太坊才能成为验证者，而不是工作量证明，后者要求用户购买并运行采矿设备，或权威证明，要求用户出示其身份证明。验证者，就像工作量证明中的矿工一样，负责安排交易和构建新区块，以便所有节点都能就网络状态达成一致。

Why Ethereum 2.0 Is Moving To PoS?

为什么以太坊2.0要转向PoS？

One of the primary reasons for the consensus switch is to drastically lower the amount of energy required to validate transactions and create new ETH.  Proof-of-work is the original mechanism used by blockchains. To execute transactions and receive rewards, PoW needs computers to compete against one another. This process consumes a lot of energy and takes a lot of time.

共识转换的主要原因之一是大幅降低验证交易和创建新 ETH 所需的能量。工作量证明是区块链使用的原始机制。为了执行交易并获得奖励，PoW 需要计算机相互竞争。这个过程消耗大量的能量并且需要大量的时间。

As a result, some emerging cryptocurrencies have chosen a different path: proof-of-stake. Because the present cost of transactions on Ethereum’s network is excessively expensive and inhibits many people from using it, the upgrade to version 2.0 will see it switch to PoS. If this update is successful, the lower rates it would bring to the network will make it more accessible to average users.

因此，一些新兴的加密货币选择了一条不同的道路：权益证明。由于目前以太坊网络上的交易成本过于昂贵，阻碍了很多人使用它，升级到2.0版本将看到它转向PoS。如果此更新成功，将为网络带来的较低费率将使普通用户更容易访问。

The proof-of-stake system improves on the proof-of-work approach in several ways. There is a higher level of energy efficiency so mining blocks do not require a lot of energy. Moreover, there are fewer entrance hurdles and fewer hardware requirements, you don’t require top-of-the-line technology to create new blocks. Because it’s easier to use, the new 2.0 system has a good advantage in attracting additional node operators. This will aid in the decentralization of the new network.

权益证明系统在多个方面改进了工作量证明方法。能源效率较高，因此采矿区块不需要大量能源。此外，进入障碍更少，硬件要求也更少，您不需要顶级技术来创建新区块。由于更易于使用，新的2.0系统在吸引额外的节点运营商方面具有良好的优势。这将有助于新网络的去中心化。

PoS on Ethereum is also intended to set the framework for “sharding,” which is a partitioning technique that allows numerous parallel chains to efficiently share data and transaction load. When paired with a supplementary scaling component called “rollups,” these shard chains could allow Ethereum to process up to 100,000 transactions per second. That’s a significant increase above the 10-15 transactions per second it now executes.

以太坊上的 PoS 还旨在为“分片”建立框架，这是一种分区技术，允许众多并行链有效地共享数据和交易负载。当与称为“rollups”的补充扩展组件配合使用时，这些分片链可以允许以太坊每秒处理多达 100,000 笔交易。这比现在每秒执行 10-15 笔交易有了显着增长。

How Ethereum Staking Works

以太坊质押如何运作

The PoS-powered blockchain, unlike the PoW-based blockchain, bundles 32 blocks of transactions during each round of validation, which lasts on average 6.4 minutes. These clumps of blocks are referred to as “epochs.” When two more epochs are added to the blockchain, it is considered complete, meaning the transactions it holds are irreversible.

与基于 PoW 的区块链不同，基于 PoS 的区块链在每轮验证期间捆绑 32 个交易块，平均持续 6.4 分钟。这些块块被称为“纪元”。当区块链中再添加两个纪元时，它就被认为是完整的，这意味着它所持有的交易是不可逆转的。

Stakeholders are divided by the Beacon Chain into 128 “committees” and assigned to a certain shard block during the validation phase (also known as the “attesting process”). Each committee has a designated period for proposing new blocks and validating the transactions within them, referred to as a “slot.” Each epoch has 32 slots, which means each epoch requires 32 sets of committees to complete the validation process. Once a committee has been assigned to a block, one member at random is given the exclusive power to propose a new block of transactions, while the remaining 127 members vote on the proposal and attest to the transactions.

利益相关者被信标链分为 128 个“委员会”，并在验证阶段（也称为“证明过程”）分配到某个分片区块。每个委员会都有指定的期限来提议新区块并验证其中的交易，称为“时段”。每个 epoch 有 32 个槽位，这意味着每个 epoch 需要 32 组委员会来完成验证过程。一旦委员会被分配到一个区块，随机一名成员将获得提议新交易区块的专有权力，而其余 127 名成员对该提案进行投票并证明交易。

The new block is added to the blockchain and once majority of the committee has attested to its insertion, a “cross-link” is created to validate it. The staker who

新区块被添加到区块链中，一旦委员会的大多数成员证明其插入，就会创建一个“交叉链接”来验证它。质押者