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可程式貨幣是一個革命性的概念,旨在透過實現無縫證券結算、代幣化存款來增強貨幣和金融體系
Programmable money is a revolutionary concept poised to enhance monetary and financial systems by enabling seamless securities settlements, tokenised deposits, and regulatory compliance embedded within transactions. Central banks worldwide are exploring its potential through pilots and adoption programmes. For instance, the European Central Bank (ECB) is investigating the potential of a digital euro, which could incorporate programmable features for more controlled and purpose-specific transactions.
可程式貨幣是一個革命性的概念,旨在透過實現無縫證券結算、代幣化存款和交易中嵌入的監管合規性來增強貨幣和金融體系。世界各地的中央銀行正在透過試點和採用計劃來探索其潛力。例如,歐洲中央銀行(ECB)正在研究數位歐元的潛力,它可以包含可編程功能,以實現更受控制和針對特定目的的交易。
In this article, we’ll dive into the transformative promise of programmable money and the vast opportunities it unlocks.
在本文中,我們將深入探討可程式貨幣的變革前景及其帶來的巨大機會。
Understanding programmable money and how it works There are various conditions that can be attached to programmable money. Using contractual agreements, it is even possible to incorporate monetary policies into programmable money and create stability by making rule-based adjustments to interest and inflation rates etc. Or, in the retail context, parents can allocate a portion of their children’s pocket money to healthy snacks, to limit the consumption of junk food.
了解可程式貨幣及其運作原理 可程式貨幣可以附加多種條件。使用合約協議,甚至可以將貨幣政策納入可程式貨幣,並透過對利率和通貨膨脹率等進行基於規則的調整來創造穩定性。健康的人。
Programmable money can be understood as a monetary system that can be programmed with predefined rules and conditions, dictating the terms of its usage. According to JP Morgan, “programmable money takes things a step further by embedding rules directly within the store of value itself. These rules dictate or restrict the usage of money, introducing new levels of control and security.” This controlled usage differentiates it from other forms of digital monetary systems.
可編程貨幣可以理解為一種貨幣系統,可以用預先定義的規則和條件進行編程,規定其使用條款。摩根大通表示,「可程式貨幣透過將規則直接嵌入價值儲存本身,使事情更進一步。這些規則規定或限制了資金的使用,引入了新的控制和安全等級。這種受控使用使其有別於其他形式的數位貨幣系統。
Structurally, programmable money can be viewed as an automated monetary system executed via a smart contract on a distributed ledger system, such as blockchain. It is integrated with decentralised applications running on network infrastructures in order to leverage services, such as NFT (non-fungible tokens), marketplaces and DeFi (decentralised finance) platforms. It also enables tokenisation, that is, the representation of various assets on a distributed ledger using tokens. Oracles – intermediaries connecting contracts on a distributed ledger with external data sources – ensure that the integrated logic-based conditions of use are met.
從結構上講,可程式貨幣可以被視為透過分散式帳本系統(例如區塊鏈)上的智慧合約執行的自動化貨幣系統。它與在網路基礎設施上運行的去中心化應用程式集成,以利用 NFT(不可替代代幣)、市場和 DeFi(去中心化金融)平台等服務。它還支援代幣化,即使用代幣在分散式帳本上表示各種資產。預言機——將分散式帳本上的合約與外部資料來源連接起來的中介——確保滿足基於整合邏輯的使用條件。
A programme of advantage Embedding logic into the value of programmable money produces several advantages, ranging from better user experiences to more transparent, efficient, and accessible financial services to prevention of duplicate spending.
優勢計畫將邏輯嵌入可程式貨幣的價值中會產生多種優勢,從更好的用戶體驗到更透明、更有效率、更方便的金融服務,再到防止重複支出。
Here is a list of advantages and potential opportunities that programmable money brings:
以下是可程式貨幣帶來的優勢和潛在機會的清單:
Transparency and auditability Programmable money improves transparency and auditability of transactions by providing a ledger of financial transactions and direct access to transaction history. Extensive monitoring functionality guards against money laundering and other nefarious financial activity, including the siphoning of money from government benefit programs by unscrupulous intermediaries.
透明度和可審計性可程式貨幣透過提供金融交易分類帳和直接存取交易歷史記錄來提高交易的透明度和可審計性。廣泛的監控功能可以防止洗錢和其他邪惡的金融活動,包括不道德的中介機構從政府福利計劃中挪用資金。
Greater efficiency, cost optimisation The synchronisation of contractual obligations and payment streamlines transactions across multiple tiers. The usage of automated smart contracts without intermediaries increases transaction efficiency and reduces both human effort and error. For instance, programmable money can help integrate payment and trade data into a single instrument, doing away with the two disparate processes currently being used, and eliminating chances of discrepancy. Using smart contracts for currency conversion and transactions in cross-border payments can save significant costs and processing time.
更高的效率,成本優化合約義務和付款的同步簡化了多層交易。使用無需中介的自動化智能合約可以提高交易效率並減少人力和錯誤。例如,可程式貨幣可以幫助將支付和交易資料整合到單一工具中,消除目前使用的兩個不同的流程,並消除差異的可能性。在跨境支付中使用智慧合約進行貨幣兌換和交易可以節省大量成本和處理時間。
Even corporate treasury management can benefit from programmable money, which connects payment, identity and real-time data to prevent mismanagement of company funds, reducing the need for manual monitoring.
即使是企業財務管理也可以從可編程資金中受益,該資金將支付、身份和即時數據連接起來,以防止公司資金管理不善,從而減少手動監控的需要。
Innovation and customisation Programmable money can support the creation of innovative financial instruments and decentralised applications, providing a foundation for new business models. In fact, programmable monetary platforms can be viewed as the “Airbnb of the financial sector”, as they facilitate direct connections between customers and providers – in this case, borrowers and lenders – free of intermediaries, red tape and other barriers.
創新和客製化可程式貨幣可以支援創新金融工具和去中心化應用程式的創建,為新的商業模式奠定基礎。事實上,可程式貨幣平台可以被視為“金融領域的Airbnb”,因為它們促進了客戶和提供者(在本例中為借款人和貸方)之間的直接聯繫,沒有中介機構、繁文縟節和其他障礙。
Furthermore, compared to conventional currencies, programmable money allows much more customization to enable new investment strategies, innovative financial instruments, and better governance.
此外,與傳統貨幣相比,可程式貨幣允許更多的客製化,以實現新的投資策略、創新的金融工具和更好的治理。
Lower counterparty risk Smart contracts, programmed to execute subject to preconditions, without need for an intermediary, reduce counterparty risk. They can transform supply chain transaction settlement by ensuring all conditions of supply and payment are met. It also enables traceability that fosters better trust between parties, protection against fraud, and fewer disputes.
降低交易對手風險 智慧合約經過編程,可在先決條件下執行,無需中介機構,可降低交易對手風險。他們可以透過確保滿足所有供應和支付條件來轉變供應鏈交易結算。它還可以實現可追溯性,從而促進各方之間更好的信任、防止詐欺並減少糾紛。
Ecosystem integration By promoting data and value transfer between networks and platforms, programmable money fosters interoperability and an accessible, interconnected financial ecosystem. For example, it can connect healthcare participants to simplify medical payments and insurance claims, and also ensure responsible management of patient data.
生態系統整合 透過促進網路和平台之間的資料和價值轉移,可程式貨幣促進了互通性和可存取、互連的金融生態系統。例如,它可以連接醫療保健參與者以簡化醫療支付和保險索賠,並確保對患者資料進行負責任的管理。
Here is another use case for ecosystem integration: programmable money can be used to make payments for acquiring a share in tokenised high-value assets, such as artworks by famous painters, prized real estate, or even high-end sports cars; gamers can use it to purchase NFTs to buy or trade in-game collectibles. All of this strengthens the creator ecosystem by protecting intellectual property and ownership rights and facilitating the distribution of payments to content creators.
這是生態系統整合的另一個用例:可程式貨幣可用於支付購買代幣化高價值資產份額的費用,例如著名畫家的藝術品、珍貴的房地產,甚至高端跑車;遊戲玩家可以用它購買 NFT 來購買或交易遊戲內收藏品。所有這些都透過保護智慧財產權和所有權以及促進向內容創作者分配付款來加強創作者生態系統。
CBDCs: the big opportunity One of the biggest opportunities for programmable money is the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) – the digital form of a nation’s fiat currency that is regulated by its central bank.
CBDC:巨大機會可程式貨幣的最大機會之一是中央銀行數位貨幣(CBDC)——由中央銀行監管的國家法定貨幣的數位形式。
Offering myriad advantages, including faster payments, cheaper cross-border transactions, and “no physical manufacturing”, CBDCs have attracted the interest of central banks worldwide: a survey of central banks by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), showed that
CBDC 提供多種優勢,包括更快的支付、更便宜的跨境交易和“無實體製造”,吸引了世界各地央行的興趣:國際清算銀行(BIS)對央行的一項調查顯示,
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