第 2 層解決方案：區塊鏈可擴展性的秘訣

了解第 2 層解決方案如何透過鏈下處理交易、減少擁塞和削減成本來提高效率，從而提高區塊鏈可擴展性

Layer 2 solutions are like the secret sauce that makes blockchain networks more efficient. They operate atop the blockchain, enhancing speed and efficiency without altering the underlying technology. Their primary role is to tackle the scalability issues that plague many blockchain networks by processing transactions off-chain, thus reducing the load on the main blockchain. This not only improves transaction throughput but also significantly lowers operational costs, making the network more efficient.

第 2 層解決方案就像是使區塊鏈網路更有效率的秘方。它們在區塊鏈上運行，在不改變底層技術的情況下提高速度和效率。它們的主要作用是透過處理鏈下交易來解決困擾許多區塊鏈網路的可擴展性問題，從而減少主區塊鏈的負載。這不僅提高了交易吞吐量，還顯著降低了營運成本，使網路更加有效率。

Leveraging the security, trust, and ecosystem benefits of Layer 1 blockchains, Ethereum Layer 2 solutions redirect most transactions away from the mainnet, thus reducing congestion and improving efficiency. Think of it like lifting heavy traffic off the main roads and onto a high-speed expressway above – the main roads (Layer 1) are less congested, and the elevated expressways (Layer 2) handle the bulk of the traffic seamlessly.

利用第 1 層區塊鏈的安全性、信任和生態系統優勢，以太坊第 2 層解決方案將大多數交易從主網重定向，從而減少擁塞並提高效率。可以將其想像為將繁忙的交通從主幹道轉移到上方的高速公路上 - 主幹道（第一層）不太擁堵，而高架高速公路（第二層）可以無縫地處理大部分交通。

These solutions not only help in reducing network congestion but also lower gas fees, making the network more efficient and accessible. For example, state channels allow multiple off-chain transactions between two parties without requiring confirmation from miners, which exponentially increases blockchain throughput. Overall, Layer 2 solutions are anticipated to significantly boost both the scalability and security of blockchain networks.

這些解決方案不僅有助於減少網路擁堵，還有助於降低天然氣費用，使網路更有效率且易於存取。例如，狀態通道允許兩方之間進行多個鏈外交易，而不需要礦工的確認，這會倍增區塊鏈吞吐量。總體而言，第 2 層解決方案預計將顯著提高區塊鏈網路的可擴展性和安全性。

Optimistic Rollups

樂觀匯總

Optimistic Rollups are like the overachievers of the Layer 2 world. They aggregate transactions before verification, offering significantly better throughput than traditional Layer 1 solutions. By allowing transactions to proceed without immediate verification, they improve efficiency, although this can sometimes result in slower processing due to the need for data verification before inclusion.

Optimistic Rollup 就像 Layer 2 世界中的佼佼者。它們在驗證之前聚合交易，提供比傳統第 1 層解決方案顯著提高的吞吐量。透過允許交易在不立即驗證的情況下繼續進行，它們提高了效率，儘管這有時會因為在包含之前需要進行資料驗證而導致處理速度變慢。

These rollups use fraud proofs as their primary mechanism to validate transactions and transaction data, ensuring transaction validity. If a fraudulent transaction is detected, a fraud-proof is executed, penalizing the sender. This ensures that only valid transactions are included, maintaining the security and integrity of the blockchain.

這些匯總使用詐欺證明作為驗證交易和交易資料的主要機制，確保交易的有效性。如果偵測到詐欺交易，則會執行詐欺證明，對發送者進行懲罰。這確保了僅包含有效的交易，從而維護了區塊鏈的安全性和完整性。

Despite the potential delays, the security and efficiency benefits make optimistic rollups a popular choice for scaling blockchain networks.

儘管存在潛在的延遲，但安全性和效率方面的優勢使得樂觀匯總成為擴展區塊鏈網路的流行選擇。

Zero-Knowledge Rollups

零知識匯總

Zero-Knowledge Rollups, or zk-Rollups, take a different approach compared to Optimism. They consolidate transactions off the main blockchain and generate cryptographic proof to validate them. This method allows for faster processing and reduced gas fees, as it avoids the need to process entire data on the main blockchain.

零知識總結（Zero-Knowledge Rollups）或 zk-Rollups 採取了與樂觀主義不同的方法。他們整合主區塊鏈上的交易並產生加密證明來驗證它們。這種方法可以加快處理速度並降低天然氣費用，因為它避免了在主區塊鏈上處理整個數據的需求。

One of the standout features of zk-Rollups is their emphasis on privacy and efficiency. By using cryptographic proofs, they ensure that the underlying transaction details remain private while still validating the transactions. This not only enhances transaction throughput but also maintains the integrity and security of the blockchain. As a result, zk-Rollups are increasingly being adopted for their ability to provide scalable and secure transaction processing.

zk-Rollups 的突出特點之一是強調隱私和效率。透過使用加密證明，他們確保底層交易細節保持私密，同時仍驗證交易。這不僅提高了交易吞吐量，還保持了區塊鏈的完整性和安全性。因此，zk-Rollups 因其提供可擴展且安全的事務處理的能力而越來越多地被採用。

When considering Optimism vs. zk-Rollups, it’s important to note that while Optimism relies on fraud proofs for transaction validation, zk-Rollups leverage cryptographic proofs, offering quicker and more private transactions. This makes zk-Rollups an attractive option for those prioritizing speed and privacy in their blockchain solutions.

在考慮 Optimism 與 zk-Rollups 時，需要注意的是，Optimism 依賴詐欺證明進行交易驗證，而 zk-Rollups 利用加密證明，提供更快、更私密的交易。這使得 zk-Rollups 對於那些在區塊鏈解決方案中優先考慮速度和隱私的人來說是一個有吸引力的選擇。

State Channels

狀態通道

State Channels represent an innovative Layer 2 solution. They enable two parties to conduct transactions off-chain, avoiding the need to record every transaction on the main blockchain. Think of it as a private, two-way communication channel where participants can conduct numerous transactions without involving a third party.

狀態通道代表了一種創新的第 2 層解決方案。它們使兩方能夠在鏈下進行交易，從而無需在主區塊鏈上記錄每筆交易。將其視為一種私密的雙向通訊管道，參與者可以在不涉及第三方的情況下進行大量交易。

These channels significantly decrease the need for on-chain confirmations, thereby reducing congestion and improving transaction speeds. Once the transactions are confirmed, the final state of the channel is added to the blockchain, ensuring that the main blockchain remains efficient and less burdened.

這些通道顯著減少了對鏈上確認的需求，從而減少了擁塞並提高了交易速度。一旦交易得到確認，通道的最終狀態就會添加到區塊鏈中，確保主區塊鏈保持高效且減輕負擔。

Side Chains

側鏈

Side Chains offer a unique approach by allowing for flexible governance and consensus rules. They enable tokens to be moved between blockchains using a two-way peg, where tokens are locked on the main chain and minted on the side chain.

側鏈提供了一種獨特的方法，允許靈活的治理和共識規則。它們使代幣能夠使用雙向掛鉤在區塊鏈之間移動，其中代幣被鎖定在主鏈上並在側鏈上鑄造。

These side chains can operate with their own consensus mechanisms, allowing for experimentation and adjustments without affecting the main blockchain’s stability. This flexibility makes side chains an attractive option for specific use cases that require tailored governance and consensus rules.

這些側鏈可以使用自己的共識機制運​​行，允許進行實驗和調整，而不會影響主區塊鏈的穩定性。這種靈活性使側鏈成為需要客製化治理和共識規則的特定用例的有吸引力的選擇。

Plasma Chains

電漿鏈

Plasma Chains enhance scalability by creating smaller, hierarchical blockchains that offload transaction processing from the main chain. These child chains operate independently, allowing for parallel processing of transactions, which significantly reduces congestion on the main blockchain.

Plasma 鏈透過創建更小的、分層的區塊鏈來減輕主鏈的交易處理負擔，從而增強可擴展性。這些子鏈獨立運行，允許並行處理交易，從而顯著減少主區塊鏈上的擁塞。

Using Plasma Chains enables the main blockchain to handle a larger volume of transactions more efficiently, ensuring that the network remains scalable and performant. This approach not only improves transaction throughput but also maintains the security and integrity of the primary blockchain.

使用 Plasma Chains 使主區塊鏈能夠更有效地處理大量交易，確保網路保持可擴展性和高效能。這種方法不僅提高了交易吞吐量，還保持了主區塊鏈的安全性和完整性。

Popular Layer 2 Solutions in the Ethereum Ecosystem

以太坊生態系中流行的第 2 層解決方案

The Ethereum ecosystem has seen a surge in Ethereum Layer 2 solutions designed to enhance its performance and scalability. Prominent solutions like Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon offer unique features that address Ethereum’s scalability issues. These solutions have been instrumental in reducing transaction costs and making decentralized finance (DeFi) services more accessible to users.

以太坊生態系統見證了旨在增強其性能和可擴展性的以太坊第 2 層解決方案的激增。 Arbitrum、Optimism、Polygon 等著名解決方案提供了解決以太坊可擴展性問題的獨特功能。這些解決方案有助於降低交易成本並使用戶更容易獲得去中心化金融（DeFi）服務。

Layer 2 scaling Ethereum solutions are critical in addressing Ethereum’s scalability challenges, enabling higher throughput and reduced gas fees. As the Ethereum ecosystem continues to grow, these solutions play a vital role in

第 2 層擴展以太坊解決方案對於解決以太坊的可擴展性挑戰、實現更高的吞吐量和降低 Gas 費用至關重要。隨著以太坊生態系統的不斷發展，這些解決方案在