加密貨幣交易：英國投資者綜合指南

本文討論如何交易加密貨幣，首先在加密貨幣交易所開設帳戶，然後用法定貨幣為帳戶注資並選擇要交易的加密貨幣。它進一步闡述了各種交易策略，包括日間交易、波段交易和部位交易。該文章還強調了影響加密貨幣價格的因素，例如供應和需求，然後提供了將加密貨幣安全地儲存在熱錢包或冷錢包中的建議。最後，它涉及監管環境以及了解加密貨幣交易風險的重要性，因為目前政府沒有為投資者提供保護。

Forbes Advisor has provided this content for educational reasons only and not to help you decide whether or not to invest in cryptocurrency. Should you decide to invest in cryptocurrency or in any other investment, you should always obtain appropriate financial advice and only invest what you can afford to lose.

目錄 日內交易 波段交易 頭寸交易 價格變動的原因是什麼？財富警告 顯示更多 顯示更少 福布斯顧問提供此內容僅出於教育目的，而不是幫助您決定是否投資加密貨幣。如果您決定投資加密貨幣或任何其他投資，您應該始終獲得適當的財務建議，並且只投資您可以承受損失的金額。

According to a recent survey carried out by Forbes Advisor, almost two-thirds (65%) of the investing public has money in cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is like a form of digital money. It is a way of making payments from person to person without any organisation or institution in the middle to facilitate it.

根據《富比士》顧問最近進行的一項調查，近三分之二（65％）的投資大眾擁有加密貨幣資金。加密貨幣就像數位貨幣的一種形式。這是一種人與人之間進行支付的方式，無需任何組織或機構作為中間媒介。

For example, if you want to pay a dog groomer, you’d either need to use cash minted and distributed by the state, or a bank transfer facilitated by the payer and payees’ banks.

例如，如果您想向狗美容師付款，您要么需要使用國家鑄造和分配的現金，要么需要使用付款人和收款人銀行提供的銀行轉帳。

If, however, your dog groomer accepted Bitcoin, the largest and best known of all the thousands of cryptocurrencies in existence and referred to by the ticker code ‘BTC’, you’d be able to make payment from your digital wallet to theirs without any fees to a middleman, or any delays that might cause.

然而，如果你的狗美容師接受了比特幣，這是現有的數千種加密貨幣中最大、最知名的一種，並由股票代碼“BTC”引用，那麼你就可以從你的數位錢包向他們的數位錢包付款，而無需任何費用。

With cryptocurrency, the infrastructure which makes payment possible is decentralised – no single person, group or interest controls it.

對於加密貨幣，使支付成為可能的基礎設施是去中心化的——沒有任何個人、團體或利益集團可以控制它。

How to trade crypto currency

Here’s a step-by-step guide explaining how to trade cryptocurrency:

如何交易加密貨幣以下是解釋如何交易加密貨幣的逐步指南：

1. Open a crypto exchange account

Most crypto traders buy and sell crypto assets via a crypto exchange. Those new to crypto trading will need to choose an exchange and sign up for an account.

1. 開立加密貨幣交易帳戶 大多數加密貨幣交易者透過加密貨幣交易所買賣加密資產。那些剛接觸加密貨幣交易的人需要選擇一個交易所並註冊一個帳戶。

Each platform has its own set of features, services and fees. Choosing a platform is a matter of balancing things like cost and accessibility. To help would-be traders, we’ve produced a guide to some of the best crypto exchanges

每個平台都有自己的一套功能、服務和費用。選擇平台需要平衡成本和可訪問性等因素。為了幫助潛在的交易者，我們製作了一些最佳加密貨幣交易所的指南

Once a trader has chosen which exchange they want to use, they’ll need to create an account. This involves sharing some basic personal information and, increasingly, passing some light identity verification checks.

一旦交易者選擇了他們想要使用的交易所，他們就需要建立一個帳戶。這涉及共享一些基本的個人信息，並越來越多地通過一些簡單的身份驗證檢查。

This might mean uploading a photograph of an official identity document like a passport, or following a series of prompts in front of a webcam or smartphone camera.

這可能意味著上傳護照等官方身分證件的照片，或按照網路攝影機或智慧型手機攝影機前的一系列提示進行操作。

2. Fund the account

Before a user can begin trading, they first need to credit their account with some fiat currency. In the UK that means pounds Sterling.

2. 為帳戶注資 在用戶開始交易之前，他們首先需要向其帳戶存入一些法定貨幣。在英國，這意味著英鎊。

Many exchanges ask for a minimum deposit of around £10 to begin trading. This applies even if the trader wants to buy assets worth pennies. For example, if they wanted to buy one Dogecoin for £0.13, they’d likely still need to deposit the exchange’s required minimum.

許多交易所要求至少 10 英鎊左右的存款才能開始交易。即使交易者想要購買價值幾美分的資產，這也適用。例如，如果他們想以 0.13 英鎊的價格購買一枚狗狗幣，他們可能仍需要存入交易所規定的最低金額。

Once the account is credited, the user will be able to begin buying and selling crypto assets.

一旦帳戶存入，用戶將能夠開始買賣加密資產。

3. Select a cryptocurrency to trade

Users can navigate to the page of the asset they want to trade within the exchange’s website or app. For would-be traders who don’t yet know which assets they want to trade, we’ve covered some of the biggest cryptocurrencies, how they work and what they’re worth:

3.選擇要交易的加密貨幣用戶可以在交易所的網站或應用程式中導航到他們想要交易的資產的頁面。對於尚不知道自己想要交易哪些資產的潛在交易者，我們介紹了一些最大的加密貨幣、它們的運作方式以及它們的價值：

• Our Pick Of The Best Cryptocurrencies
• Our Pick Of The Top Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cryptocurrencies
• Large Altcoins Of 2024

4. Establish a trading strategy

There are several different ways to trade cryptocurrency. Further down this page we’ve outlined some of the main ways to engage with the market. Click here to read more.

我們精選的最佳加密貨幣我們精選的頂級人工智慧 (AI) 加密貨幣20244 種大型山寨幣。在本頁的下方，我們概述了參與市場的一些主要方式。點這裡閱讀更多。

5. Initiate trading

Once a user has chosen which assets to trade and which trading strategy to employ, they can then navigate to the relevant page(s) within their exchange’s website or app and then execute the trades.

5. 啟動交易一旦使用者選擇了要交易的資產以及要採用的交易策略，他們就可以導航到交易所網站或應用程式內的相關頁面，然後執行交易。

6. Securely storing cryptocurrency

While many exchanges offer built-in crypto wallets (known as custodial wallets) some investors prefer more control over the public and private keys used to execute crypto trades. This is where third-party wallets  or ‘non-custodial’ wallets come in.

6. 安全儲存加密貨幣雖然許多交易所提供內建加密錢包（稱為託管錢包），但一些投資者更喜歡對用於執行加密交易的公鑰和私鑰進行更多控制。這就是第三方錢包或「非託管」錢包發揮作用的地方。

There are two main types:

主要有兩種類型：

Hot wallets are convenient online applications that provide storage for public and private keys. However, they are more susceptible to hacking.  The good news is, many hot wallet providers offer customer support to help recover funds if people lose their login credentials.

熱錢包是方便的線上應用程序，為公鑰和私鑰提供儲存。然而，它們更容易受到駭客攻擊。好消息是，許多熱錢包提供者提供客戶支持，以幫助人們在丟失登入憑證時恢復資金。

Cold wallets are offline devices, like a USB drive, that provide arguably higher levels of security. Hackers can’t access keys stored in a cold wallet as easily because the wallet isn’t connected to the internet.  However, the downside is that if someone loses access codes to their cold wallet, there’s limited customer service to help them regain access.

冷錢包是離線設備，例如 USB 驅動器，可以提供更高等級的安全性。駭客無法輕鬆存取儲存在冷錢包中的金鑰，因為冷錢包沒有連接到網路。然而，缺點是，如果有人遺失了冷錢包的存取代碼，則幫助他們重新獲得存取權限的客戶服務有限。

Furthermore, once a cold wallet is plugged into a web-connected computer, the ‘air gap’ is closed and the keys once again become vulnerable to hackers.

此外，一旦冷錢包插入連網計算機，「氣隙」就會關閉，金鑰再次容易受到駭客的攻擊。

Chain of command

This whole works using blockchain technology. Blockchains are indelible, digital ledgers maintained by volunteers, governed by communities of ordinary people and distributed to anyone who wants to get involved.

命令鏈整個工作都使用區塊鏈技術。區塊鏈是不可磨滅的數位帳本，由志工維護，由一般民眾社群管理，並分發給任何想要參與的人。

Volunteers offer their time and effort in exchange for the chance to earn cryptocurrency, and encryption technology makes it practically impossible to cheat the system.

志工付出時間和精力來換取賺取加密貨幣的機會，而加密技術使得欺騙系統幾乎不可能。

When you carry out a transaction with cryptocurrency, volunteers around the globe make a record of it in their copy of the relevant ledger. When a certain number of transactions are recorded, a block of those transactions are added to a long chain of previous blocks which represent the canonical history of transactions in that currency.

當您使用加密貨幣進行交易時，世界各地的志工會在相關分類帳的副本中記錄該交易。當記錄一定數量的交易時，這些交易的區塊將被添加到先前區塊的長鏈中，這些區塊代表了該貨幣交易的規範歷史。

To add a block to the blockchain you first need to validate it. To do this, you need to either: correctly guess a 64-character, alphanumeric string with trillions of possible combinations, or stake your own cryptocurrency for the opportunity.

要將區塊添加到區塊鏈，您首先需要驗證它。為此，您需要：正確猜測包含數萬億種可能組合的 64 個字元的字母數字字串，或抵押您自己的加密貨幣來獲得這個機會。

Investors lucky enough to be chosen – either because their computer rig was powerful enough to make the correct guess (or the closest guess within a 10-time limit), or they staked enough of their assets to tip the odds in their favour – will need a 51% majority of the volunteers to agree that theirs is an accurate record of transaction.

幸運地被選中的投資者——要么是因為他們的電腦設備足夠強大，能夠做出正確的猜測（或在10 次限制內最接近的猜測），要么是因為他們投入了足夠的資產來提高對自己有利的賠率——將需要51% 的大多數志工同意他們的交易記錄是準確的。

If an investor tried to claim there was more cryptocurrency in an account than there actually was, the majority would reject it. In order to cheat the system, they’d have to control at least 51% of the votes on the network. In either case the cost would be prohibitive.

如果投資者試圖聲稱帳戶中的加密貨幣比實際數量多，大多數人都會拒絕。為了欺騙系統，他們必須控制網路上至少 51% 的選票。無論哪種情況，成本都將令人望而卻步。

When the investor’s block is added to the blockchain, they are rewarded with a small amount of a given cryptocurrency.

當投資者的區塊被添加到區塊鏈時，他們將獲得少量給定的加密貨幣作為獎勵。

There are no cryptocurrency coins or notes, there are only records of transactions keeping track of who owns which assets.

沒有加密貨幣硬幣或紙幣，只有交易記錄來追蹤誰擁有哪些資產。

Cryptocurrencies can be used to pay for goods and services, traded for other cryptocurrencies, or held onto for speculative purposes.

加密貨幣可用於支付商品和服務、交換其他加密貨幣或出於投機目的而持有。

What is crypto trading?

Crypto trading is the process of speculating on cryptocurrency prices, and buying and selling them accordingly.

什麼是加密貨幣交易？

Crypto traders typically use crypto exchanges such as eToro and Uphold. These are marketplaces where traders meet to track prices and make transactions.

加密貨幣交易者通常使用 eToro 和 Uphold 等加密貨幣交易所。這些是交易者聚集在一起追蹤價格和進行交易的市場。

The idea is to buy crypto assets expected to increase in value, typically because of events in the news, the economy, in regulation and so forth, and sell them for a maximum profit before prices drop.

這個想法是購買預計會增值​​的加密資產，通常是由於新聞、經濟、監管等方面的事件，並在價格下跌之前出售它們以獲取最大利潤。

Ways to trade cryptocurrency

Within a chosen crypto exchange, a trader will be able to check current prices for a range of tokens, and see how they’ve been performing over the past hours, days, weeks, months and even years.

交易加密貨幣的方式在選定的加密貨幣交易所內，交易者將能夠檢查一系列代幣的當前價格，並了解它們在過去幾小時、幾天、幾週、幾個月甚至幾年的表現。

Exchanges will generally show users the tokens that are trending upwards and downwards in price, new tokens, popular tokens and so forth. Users can use all of this information to decide which coins to buy and sell.

交易所通常會向用戶展示價格上漲和下跌趨勢的代幣、新代幣、熱門代幣等。用戶可以使用所有這些資訊來決定購買和出售哪些代幣。

Buying a cryptocurrency means someone else is selling with both parties just using the exchange as an intermediary. When there are more buyers than sellers, the price of a token tends to rise – and vice versa.

購買加密貨幣意味著其他人僅使用交易所作為中介向雙方出售。當買家多於賣家時，代幣的價格往往會上漲，反之亦然。

How and when an investor chooses to buy most likely depends on his/her approach to investing, what they may hope to gain, and the risk each trader is happy to tolerate as part of the transaction.

投資者選擇如何以及何時購買最有可能取決於他/她的投資方法、他們希望獲得什麼，以及每個交易​​者在交易中願意承受的風險。

Day trading

Day traders buy and sell tokens within the same day to take advantage of movements in the market. This offers the potential for quick returns and mitigates risks of big price drops from one day to the next.

日間交易日間交易者在同一天內買賣代幣，以利用市場趨勢。這提供了快速回報的潛力，並降低了日復一日價格大幅下跌的風險。

On the other hand, day trading is such a short-term strategy that it prevents investors from riding out price dips that might correct themselves over longer periods.

另一方面，日間交易是一種短期策略，它會阻止投資者在較長時期內度過可能自我修正的價格下跌。

Swing trading

Swing traders hold coins for longer periods of time, monitoring prices of assets over a period of weeks to determine the best assets to buy, sell and hold. 

波動交易波動交易者持有貨幣的時間較長，在幾週內監控資產價格，以確定購買、出售和持有的最佳資產。

Observing price movements over longer periods can help traders to make more informed decisions, but potentially requires more discipline and the ability to not act impulsively on changes.

長時間觀察價格變動可以幫助交易者做出更明智的決策，但可能需要更多的紀律和不因變化而衝動行事的能力。

Position trading

Position trading takes a long-term view on crypto investing. Position traders buy coins in anticipation they’ll make gains over the longer term, and are less concerned with day-to-day volatility.

頭寸交易頭寸交易以長遠的眼光看待加密貨幣投資。頭寸交易者購買代幣是為了預期他們會在長期內獲得收益，並且不太關心日常波動。

Position trading also has the benefit of being able to build a portfolio over time, starting with a small investment and increasing it over time. The trade-off is that investors cannot make quick returns.

頭寸交易的另一個好處是能夠隨著時間的推移建立投資組合，從小額投資開始，隨著時間的推移逐漸增加。代價是投資者無法快速獲得回報。

What makes prices change?

There are countless factors that can affect the price of a cryptocurrency, but supply, demand and sentiment are useful bellwethers for predicting trends.

是什麼導致價格變動？ 影響加密貨幣價格的因素有無數，但供給、需求和情緒是預測趨勢的有用風向標。

When demand is met with sufficient supply, or more supply than is needed, prices tend to remain flat or fall. In crypto, supply is determined by how coins are mined.

當需求充足供應或供應多於所需時，價格往往會持平或下跌。在加密貨幣中，供應量取決於硬幣的開採方式。

For example, the amount of Bitcoin given to miners who successfully add a block to the blockchain just halved, going from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC.

例如，向成功向區塊鏈添加區塊的礦工提供的比特幣數量減半，從 6.25 BTC 減少到 3.125 BTC。

This drastic slowdown in the rate of new Bitcoin issuance could, in theory, push prices up as supply becomes constrained. In fact, we’ve seen Bitcoin prices rally in the lead up to the halving event. However, if demand were to drop significantly, the supply squeeze would be insignificant.

從理論上講，新比特幣發行速度的急劇放緩可能會因供應受到限製而推高價格。事實上，我們已經看到比特幣價格在減半事件之前上漲。然而，如果需求大幅下降，供應緊張的影響就微不足道。

Public backing

Demand is the other side of the coin. When more people are interested in buying something, the more those who can afford it are willing to pay for its relative scarcity. If, for example, a major public figure were to say they believed a coin would become very valuable, their support could pique interest and lead demand to outstrip supply, pushing prices up.

大眾的支持需求是硬幣的另一面。當越多的人有興趣購買某樣東西時，有能力購買某樣東西的人就越願意為其相對稀缺性買單。例如，如果一位重要公眾人物說他們相信一枚硬幣會變得非常有價值，他們的支持可能會激起人們的興趣並導致需求超過供應，從而推高價格。

On the other hand, if a coin begins to be seen as less valuable – perhaps if there were rumours of liquidity issues behind the scenes – demand could fall and sellers would need to accept lower prices in order to get rid of their coins, hence prices fall. According to a Forbes Advisor survey, 58% of respondents said the recent cryptocurrency crashes affected their investments.

另一方面，如果一種代幣開始被視為價值較低——也許幕後有關於流動性問題的傳言——需求可能會下降，賣家將需要接受較低的價格才能擺脫他們的代幣，因此價格會上漲。根據《富比士》顧問的一項調查，58％的受訪者表示最近的加密貨幣崩盤影響了他們的投資。

Keeping abreast of the news

Monitoring the news for changes in these three factors can help to predict how prices might change, but countless external factors are also at play.

隨時了解新聞監控這三個因素的變化有助於預測價格可能如何變化，但無數的外部因素也在發揮作用。

Storing crypto

To make trades with crypto assets, investors need to provide their public and private keys. They can’t authorise a trade without these long alphanumeric strings,  the latter of which should be known to the owner alone.

儲存加密貨幣要使用加密資產進行交易，投資人需要提供其公鑰和私鑰。如果沒有這些長字母數字字串，他們就無法授權交易，而後者應該只有所有者知道。

Crypto owners’ keys need to be stored in a secure wallet to prevent their unauthorised use. Most, if not all, crypto exchanges offer a free wallet in which to store keys.

加密貨幣所有者的金鑰需要儲存在安全的錢包中，以防止未經授權的使用。大多數（如果不是全部）加密貨幣交易所提供免費錢包來儲存金鑰。

These ‘hot’ wallets live online, which makes them vulnerable to hackers. On the other hand, they’re convenient and come with support from the provider via account recovery if a user were to, for example, forget their crypto exchange password.

這些「熱」錢包在線上存在，這使得它們容易受到駭客的攻擊。另一方面，它們很方便，如果用戶忘記了他們的加密貨幣交換密碼，則可以透過帳戶恢復獲得提供者的支援。

Investors can store their keys offline to keep them at arms’ length from hackers, but they’ll have to pay for a USB device and they won’t get third party support if they lose their device or forget their passwords for it. Plus, the protection from hackers is weakened once one plugs their ‘cold’ wallet into a web-connected computer.

投資者可以離線儲存金鑰，以遠離駭客，但他們必須付費購買 USB 設備，如果他們丟失設備或忘記密碼，他們將無法獲得第三方支援。此外，一旦將「冷」錢包插入連網的計算機，對駭客的保護就會減弱。

The table below, from Statista (November 2023) shows the most popular methods to store cryptocurrencies in the UK.

下表來自 Statista（2023 年 11 月），顯示了英國最受歡迎的加密貨幣儲存方法。

How to read the crypto markets

Crypto markets are volatile and unpredictable. Traders typically monitor the four forces of demand, supply, sentiment and competition to guess

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Constrained supply can inflate prices, while increased supply tends to have the opposite effect. Demand behaves similarly. The more demand there is for an asset with limited supply, the higher prices tend to climb. When demand falls, prices usually fall too.

供應受限可能會導致價格上漲，而供應增加往往會產生相反的效果。需求的表現也類似。對供應有限的資產的需求越大，價格往往就會上漲。當需求下降時，價格通常也會下降。

The performance of existing crypto assets and the introduction of new crypto assets can affect the level of competition in the market, which in turn moves prices.

現有加密資產的表現和新加密資產的引入會影響市場競爭水平，進而影響價格。

Finally, the way people feel about crypto can also affect prices. For example, recent moves to launch a Bitcoin ETF has lent mainstream credibility to a market that some investors see as too volatile and unpredictable. As a result, prices went up.

最後，人們對加密貨幣的看法也會影響價格。例如，最近推出比特幣 ETF 的舉措為一些投資者認為過於波動和不可預測的市場帶來了主流可信度。結果，價格上漲。

Crypto exchanges offer swathes of graphs and charts that reflect these four factors. Traders can interpret these data sets to read crypto markets.

加密貨幣交易所提供了大量反映這四個因素的圖表。交易者可以解讀這些資料集來解讀加密貨幣市場。

Wealth warning

Whatever investors decide to trade in, wherever they choose to do it and whenever they buy or sell, they should be aware that crypto is extremely volatile and, for the time being, unregulated.

財富警告無論投資者決定進行什麼交易，無論他們選擇在哪裡進行交易，無論何時購買或出售，他們都應該意識到加密貨幣的波動性極大，並且目前不受監管。

This means they’ll get no support from the government if they’re scammed or lose money because an exchange or token collapses.

這意味著，如果他們因交易所或代幣崩潰而被騙或損失金錢，他們將無法獲得政府的支持。

The government is currently consulting on bringing the crypto market into regulation, which would force providers to play by the same rules as traditional financial services companies or else lose their trading licences. This would offer consumers much greater protection if implemented.

政府目前正在就將加密貨幣市場納入監管進行諮詢，這將迫使提供者遵守與傳統金融服務公司相同的規則，否則將失去其交易許可證。如果實施，這將為消費者提供更大的保護。

Either way, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) – the UK financial regulator – has taken great pains to remind would-be investors they should be prepared to lose all of the money they put into crypto.

無論哪種方式，英國金融監管機構金融行為監理局（FCA）都煞費苦心地提醒潛在投資者，他們應該做好損失所有投入加密貨幣的資金的準備。

The advantages and disadvantages of trading cryptocurrencies are almost completely subjective, and depend entirely on how you feel about crypto as a concept.

交易加密貨幣的優點和缺點幾乎完全是主觀的，完全取決於你對加密貨幣這個概念的看法。

Enthusiasts often argue crypto can serve as a hedge against inflation, that it’s faster and cheaper than centralised fiat currencies, that it’s free of interference from vested interests and that it’s private.

愛好者經常認為加密貨幣可以作為對沖通貨膨脹的工具，它比中心化的法定貨幣更快、更便宜，它不受既得利益的干擾，而且它是私人的。

Detractors say cryptocurrencies are volatile, unpredictable and lack real-world utility. Environmentally-minded critics say certain cryptocurrency systems are unsustainable because of the huge amounts of energy they use.

批評者稱加密貨幣不穩定、不可預測、缺乏現實世界的實用性。具有環保意識的批評者表示，某些加密貨幣系統是不可持續的，因為它們使用了大量的能源。

Without regulation, some people also fear investors are exposed to rogue traders, scams, platform collapse and other risks. Some say the relative privacy of cryptocurrency, coupled with a lack of regulation, makes it a haven for fraudsters, money launderers and criminals.

如果沒有監管，有些人還擔心投資者面臨流氓交易員、詐騙、平台崩潰和其他風險。有人說，加密貨幣的相對隱私性，加上缺乏監管，使其成為詐欺者、洗錢者和犯罪者的避風港。

Cryptocurrency is unregulated in the UK. The UK regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority, has repeatedly warned investors that they risk losing all their money if they buy cryptocurrency, with no possibility of compensation.

加密貨幣在英國不受監管。英國監管機構金融行為監理局多次警告投資者，如果購買加密貨幣，他們可能會損失所有資金，而且無法獲得賠償。