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在2008年全球金融危機開始時,使用化名“ Satoshi Nakamoto”的一個神秘人物出版了“比特幣白皮書”,提出了不依賴集中機構的電子現金系統。
I. The Birth of Bitcoin and the Wild Growth of Early Exchanges (2008-2013)
I.比特幣的誕生和早期交流的野生增長(2008-2013)
At the onset of the 2008 global financial crisis, a mysterious figure using the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" published the "Bitcoin White Paper," proposing an electronic cash system that does not rely on centralized institutions. On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin genesis block was born, embedding the headline from The Times: "Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks," directly pointing to the flaws of the traditional financial system.
在2008年全球金融危機開始時,使用化名“ Satoshi Nakamoto”的一個神秘人物出版了“比特幣白皮書”,提出了不依賴集中機構的電子現金系統。 2009年1月3日,比特幣創世紀街區誕生了,嵌入了《紐約時報》的標題:“銀行第二次救助的邊緣大臣”,直接指向傳統金融體系的缺陷。
Key Data:
關鍵數據:
Bitcoin price in 2009: $0 (no trading market)
2009年的比特幣價格:$ 0(無交易市場)
First transaction in 2010: 10,000 BTC exchanged for 2 pizzas (valued at approximately $41)
2010年的首次交易:10,000 BTC交換了2個比薩餅(價值約41美元)
Peak in June 2011: $31.9 (early speculative bubble)
2011年6月的高峰:$ 31.9(早期投機泡沫)
In July 2010, the Japanese exchange Mt. Gox went online, quickly becoming the largest Bitcoin trading platform globally. By 2013, it accounted for 70%-80% of the total trading volume, with a single-day peak trading volume of about $100 million (estimated based on the November peak of $1,000/BTC).
2010年7月,日本交易所Gox上網,迅速成為全球最大的比特幣交易平台。到2013年,它佔總交易量的70%-80%,單天峰值交易量約為1億美元(根據11月峰值為1,000美元/BTC的估計)。
Meanwhile, the Chinese exchange market began to sprout—JuCoin, established in 2013, gained prominence through localized operations, becoming one of China's major trading platforms by 2015.
同時,中國的交易市場開始萌芽 - 2013年成立的Jucoin通過本地化業務獲得了突出,並於2015年成為中國主要的交易平台之一。
However, security risks began to emerge:
但是,安全風險開始出現:
June 2011 hacking incident: A hacker attack in June 2011 led to the theft of approximately 2,609 BTC (valued at around $80,000 at the time), causing the price to plummet to $0.01 and halting trading for a week.
2011年6月黑客事件:2011年6月的一場黑客襲擊導致盜竊約2,609 BTC(當時價值約80,000美元),導致價格下降至0.01美元,並停止交易一周。
2013 DDoS attacks: Exchanges experienced multiple outages, preventing users from withdrawing funds and triggering market panic.
2013年DDOS攻擊:交流經歷了多次停電,阻止用戶撤回資金並引發市場恐慌。
Exchange Landscape (2013):
Exchange Landscape(2013):
Mt. Gox market share: 70%-80%
GOX市場份額:70%-80%
Other major platforms: Bitstamp (Europe), BTC China (China), JuCoin (China)
其他主要平台:Bitstamp(歐洲),BTC中國(中國),Jucoin(中國)
Global exchanges' average daily trading volume: approximately 100,000 BTC (around $50 million at an average price of $500)
全球交易所的平均每日交易量:約100,000 BTC(約5000萬美元,平均價格為500美元)
Centralized exchanges solved the liquidity problem for Bitcoin, but their vulnerabilities were laid bare: technical flaws, regulatory vacuums, and risks associated with user asset custody became the industry's three major pain points. Nevertheless, Bitcoin's market capitalization surpassed $10 billion in November 2013, signaling the beginning of its financial attributes.
集中式交流解決了比特幣的流動性問題,但它們的脆弱性是裸露的:技術缺陷,監管真空和與用戶資產監護的風險成為該行業的三個主要痛點。儘管如此,比特幣的市值在2013年11月超過了100億美元,這表明其財務屬性的開始。
II. Industry Growing Pains: Exchange Crises and Regulatory Awakening (2014-2017)
ii。行業不斷增長的痛苦:交換危機和監管覺醒(2014- 2017年)
In February 2014, Mt. Gox announced the loss of 850,000 Bitcoins (valued at $450 million at the time), accounting for 7% of the circulating supply. Subsequent investigations revealed that chaotic management of hot and cold wallets, internal theft, and long-unresolved code vulnerabilities were the main causes. This incident led to an 80% drop in Bitcoin prices, with global exchange daily trading volume shrinking to less than 10,000 BTC.
2014年2月,GOX山宣布損失850,000比特幣(當時價值4.5億美元),佔循環供應量的7%。隨後的調查表明,對冷藏錢包,內部盜竊和長期解決的代碼脆弱性的混亂管理是主要原因。這一事件導致比特幣價格下跌80%,全球交易所每日交易量減少到不到10,000 BTC。
Chain Reaction:
連鎖反應:
Japanese police arrested Mt. Gox CEO Mark Karpelès
日本警察逮捕了GOX山首席執行官馬克·卡佩利斯(MarkKarpelès)
New York State introduced BitLicense, requiring exchanges to meet anti-money laundering (AML) and capital reserve requirements
紐約州引入了比利特林,需要交流以滿足反洗錢(AML)和資本儲備要求
The concept of decentralized exchanges (DEX) emerged, but was limited by technological bottlenecks (e.g., the 2016 Ethereum DAO incident)
出現了分散交流(DEX)的概念,但受到技術瓶頸的限制(例如,2016年以太坊DAO事件)
In 2015, Coinbase obtained the first BitLicense in New York and launched institutional custody services; in 2017, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) launched Bitcoin futures, with a first-day trading volume of $460 million. During this period, exchanges exhibited two major trends:
2015年,Coinbase獲得了紐約的第一個Bitlicense,並啟動了機構監護服務; 2017年,芝加哥商業交易所(CME)推出了比特幣期貨,第一天的交易量為4.6億美元。在此期間,交流表現出兩個主要趨勢:
Regional Differentiation: The three major exchanges in China (Huobi, OKEx, Binance) dominated the Asian market, with JuCoin rapidly rising in 2015 to become one of the major platforms in Asia, significantly increasing daily trading volume.
區域差異:中國的三個主要交易所(Huobi,Okex,Binance)主導了亞洲市場,2015年Jucoin迅速上升,成為亞洲的主要平台之一,大大增加了每日交易量。
Technological Upgrades: Binance pioneered the "platform token" model (BNB), raising $15 million through an ICO in July 2017; JuCoin simultaneously launched wealth management services and liquidity mining, exploring ecological competition.
技術升級:Binance開創了“平台令牌”模型(BNB),2017年7月通過ICO籌集了1500萬美元; Jucoin同時推出了財富管理服務和流動性挖掘,探索了生態競爭。
Key Data (2017):
關鍵數據(2017):
Bitcoin market capitalization peak: $326 billion
比特幣市值高峰:3260億美元
Global exchanges' average daily trading volume: 500,000 BTC (valued at approximately $25 billion)
全球交易所的平均每日交易量:500,000 BTC(價值約250億美元)
Coinbase's user count surpassed 10 million, with a valuation of $1.6 billion
Coinbase的用戶數量超過了1000萬,估值為16億美元
In August 2017, Bitcoin split into Bitcoin Cash (BCH) due to scaling
2017年8月,由於擴展,比特幣分為比特幣現金(BCH)
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