Repeat DeFi Hack or a New Bug?

While the founders of two OG protocols, Aave and Maker (now Sky), bro’d down over Starcraft while basking in a “DeFi renaissance moment,” some of the sector’s less well-established projects were going down in history for the wrong reasons.

Two decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols were hacked on Friday for a combined total of over $5 million, while compromised wallets saw a further $5 million drained on Wednesday.

While the founders of two OG protocols, Aave and Maker (now Sky), enjoyed a game of Starcraft and reveled in a “DeFi renaissance moment,” some of the sector’s less well-established projects were going down in history for the wrong reasons.

Repeat DeFi hack or a new bug?

First up was Onyx Protocol, whose $3.8 million loss was initially thought to be a repeat of the well-known bug that drained $2.1 million from the project toward the back end of last year.

Hi @OnyxDAO, you may want to take a look pic.twitter.com/fcU6fHP4jr

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Onyx is a fork of Compound Finance, which contains an infamous vulnerability in which freshly-launched, empty lending markets are briefly left open to a price manipulation attack, if not handled correctly.

Given the popularity of Compound’s v2 codebase with fast-forking DeFi devs, the bug is exploited with alarming regularity across the sector, and was initially identified as having been the cause of Onyx’s latest loss.

However, as the team pointed out in a ‘post-mortem’ thread on X (formerly Twitter), this time the vulnerability also lay in the platform’s ‘NFT Liquidation contract.’ The attacker was able to drain the vUSD stablecoin, which was then sold off, causing it to depeg.

Something’s not adding up

Next came ‘bitcoin restaking’ protocol Bedrock, which appeared to be overly bullish on ETH, costing it around $2 million.

uniBTC by @Bedrock_DeFi was exploited today. The vulnerability allowed for you to mint uniBTC with eth! This function was likely leftover from the uniETH implementation 😅 @spreekaway pic.twitter.com/Xj69wQg2GX

Read more: ‘Cryptographic performance art’ drains contract one block after launch 

The faulty code allowed users to mint Bedrock’s uniBTC token at a 1:1 ratio with staked ETH tokens, not taking into account the price difference between the two assets (valued at the time at approximately $65,000 vs $2,650, respectively).

The uniBTC tokens were then sold off for an alternative wrapped bitcoin token, for a return of almost 25x.

Crypto security auditor Dedaub claims to have identified the vulnerability in advance, stating that such a simple bug could be discovered and exploited automatically by ‘fuzzing bots.’

Despite warning the Bedrock team two hours before the attack, there was no response due time zone differences. However, by raising the issue separately with Pendle, a platform with $30 million of exposure to uniBTC, further losses were successfully averted.

The Bedrock team responded to the incident, reassuring users that all uniBTC collateral remains intact. It estimated the losses at “approximately $2 million (mostly in DEX LPs),” adding that a “comprehensive reimbursement plan is being finalized.”

Compromised keys?

On Wednesday, real-world-asset-focused Truflation warned of “some abnormal activity,” which it attributed to a malware attack.

On September 25th, 2024, the Truflation team detected some abnormal activity. An attacker launched an attack using malware. We are currently monitoring the situation and are taking measures to protect funds while we are investigating and working with law enforcement. The…

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Blockchain investigator ZachXBT traced total losses of over $5 million from addresses identified as the project’s “treasury multisig and personal wallets,” providing a list of addresses via his Investigations Telegram channel.

While the initial disclosure was scant on details, it does mention a reward to any whitehats able to aid the investigation. This was followed up with an on-chain message to the hacker, offering a 10% ‘bounty’ for the return of the funds.

Assuming funds aren’t returned before 8am (UTC) on Saturday, the bounty will be opened up to the public in return for information leading to a conviction.

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