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空投越来越受欢迎,自第一次空投以来,加密货币项目在短短三年内就分发了价值 266 亿美元的代币。
The rapid growth of crypto points has sparked massive interest in traditional airdrops. However, this surge has also led to a spike in Sybil airdrop farming attacks, where fake users and bots claim airdrop tokens, beating genuine community members to the punch.
加密货币积分的快速增长引发了人们对传统空投的巨大兴趣。然而,这种激增也导致了 Sybil 空投挖矿攻击的激增,其中虚假用户和机器人索取空投代币,击败了真正的社区成员。
DailyCoin examines why this trend has exploded and investigates strategies to combat it.
DailyCoin 研究了这种趋势爆发的原因并研究了应对策略。
Crypto Points Spark Airdrop Frenzy
加密货币积分引发空投狂潮
Airdrops have seen a surge in popularity, with crypto projects distributing $26.6 billion worth of tokens in just three years since the first airdrop. That’s nearly the cost of 10 NASA rover missions to Mars.
空投的受欢迎程度激增,自第一次空投以来,加密货币项目在短短三年内就分发了价值 266 亿美元的代币。这几乎相当于美国宇航局 10 次火星漫游车任务的费用。
Such frenzy over free token distributions is relatively new, sparked by the emergence of crypto points in 2023. Projects distributed points as loyalty rewards for completing tasks, such as providing liquidity, making transactions, or holding an NFT. These points were later proportionally converted into tokens, which users received during an airdrop.
这种免费代币分配的狂热相对较新,是由 2023 年加密积分的出现引发的。项目将积分作为完成任务(例如提供流动性、进行交易或持有 NFT)的忠诚奖励。这些积分后来按比例转换为代币,用户在空投中收到这些代币。
Even though they aren’t registered on the blockchain and lack transparency, billions of crypto points have been distributed. It’s no surprise that dedicated speculative pre-markets have formed, where crypto points can be leveraged and traded for cryptocurrency ahead of their token airdrops.
尽管它们没有在区块链上注册并且缺乏透明度,但已经分发了数十亿个加密点。毫不奇怪,专门的投机性预市场已经形成,在代币空投之前,可以利用加密货币积分并交易加密货币。
Naturally, the opportunity to profit from trading crypto points made airdrops even more desirable.
当然,从交易加密货币积分中获利的机会使得空投变得更加令人向往。
They’ve become targets for not just individual users but also large-scale airdrop hunters, which has brought significant challenges to the crypto market.
他们不仅成为个人用户的目标,也成为大规模空投猎手的目标,这给加密货币市场带来了重大挑战。
Sybil Farmers Target Airdrops
西比尔农民瞄准空投
But as the golden rule says, popularity comes with a price. Where there’s big money, there are also those looking to game the system. In this case, they are Sybil airdrop farmers – individuals or entities who manage thousands or tens of thousands of fake identities to participate in airdrops.
但正如黄金法则所说,受欢迎是有代价的。哪里有大钱,哪里就有那些想玩弄体制的人。在这种情况下,他们是 Sybil 空投农民——管理数千或数万个虚假身份来参与空投的个人或实体。
Named after a fictional character with dissociative identity disorder, Sybil farmers mimic the behavior of genuine users and siphon off the token rewards intended for them. Their goal is simple: exploit loopholes in airdrop qualification and amass as much free money as possible.
Sybil 农民以患有分离性身份障碍的虚构人物命名,他们模仿真实用户的行为,并窃取原本为他们提供的代币奖励。他们的目标很简单:利用空投资格的漏洞,积累尽可能多的免费资金。
The spokesman from MarketingFi platform builder Cookie3 told me that crypto projects were unprepared for industrial-scale airdrop exploits because they had not dealt with this problem before. Sybils kept advancing their technologies.
MarketingFi 平台构建商 Cookie3 的发言人告诉我,加密项目没有为工业规模的空投漏洞做好准备,因为他们之前没有处理过这个问题。西比尔斯不断推进他们的技术。
“Sybil attackers are getting more sophisticated in building algorithms that farm airdrops in such a complex way of on-chain and off-chain behavior that can be caught by airdrop shields because it mimics organic behavior so much.”
“女巫攻击者在构建算法方面变得越来越复杂,这些算法以如此复杂的链上和链下行为方式进行空投,这些行为可以被空投防护罩捕获,因为它非常模仿有机行为。”
Different Attack Vectors Require Different Counter Strategies
不同的攻击媒介需要不同的应对策略
As many crypto airdrop distributors have learned, Sybil farmers exploit different weaknesses of the protocols to achieve their goals. So far, they’ve been often successful. Fortunately, crypto industry players also have suggestions on how to turn the situation around.
正如许多加密货币空投分销商所了解到的那样,Sybil 农民利用协议的不同弱点来实现他们的目标。到目前为止,他们经常取得成功。幸运的是,加密货币行业的参与者也对如何扭转局面提出了建议。
Linear Distribution Method Targets Loose Eligibility Criteria Issues
线性分布方法针对宽松的资格标准问题
One common weakness Sybils exploit is the loose airdrop eligibility criteria. A good example of this is zkSync.
Sybils 所利用的一个常见弱点是宽松的空投资格标准。 zkSync 就是一个很好的例子。
A popular Ethereum scaling solution distributed 3.675 billion ZK tokens in June, marking the largest Layer-2 airdrop ever. Anyone meeting basic criteria—such as interacting with other protocols, adding liquidity, trading ERC20 tokens, or holding NFTs—could participate in the airdrop.
流行的以太坊扩容解决方案在 6 月份分发了 36.75 亿个 ZK 代币,这是有史以来最大的第 2 层空投。任何满足基本标准(例如与其他协议交互、增加流动性、交易 ERC20 代币或持有 NFT)的人都可以参与空投。
Over 695,000 wallets have qualified. They drove the network’s user activity to new highs and received over $2.5 billion tokens at a pre-market value of $0.69.
超过 695,000 个钱包符合资格。他们将网络的用户活动推向新高,并以 0.69 美元的盘前价值获得了超过 25 亿美元的代币。
Yet blockchain analytics uncovered at least 46,000 wallets that collectively received $94.5 million in ZK tokens. They all constituted 660 clusters, controlled by several entities as part of a Sybil attack.
然而,区块链分析发现至少 46,000 个钱包总共收到了 9450 万美元的 ZK 代币。它们全部构成 660 个集群,由几个实体控制,作为 Sybil 攻击的一部分。
The project was heavily criticized for failing to prevent Sybil attacks, with the crypto community accusing zkSync of favoring whales over genuine small users.
该项目因未能阻止 Sybil 攻击而受到严厉批评,加密货币社区指责 zkSync 偏袒鲸鱼而不是真正的小用户。
“I love the zkSync guys but damn that was not a well planned airdrop from a sybil perspective. Those criteria are easy to not hit as a real user, and easy to hit as a farmer, and had no anti-sybil program,” stated a prominent blockchain investor Adam Cochran.
“我喜欢 zkSync 的人,但从女巫的角度来看,这不是一次精心策划的空投。作为真正的用户,这些标准很容易不受打击,作为农民也很容易受到打击,而且没有反女巫计划,”著名区块链投资者 Adam Cochran 表示。
I love the zkSync guys but damn that was not a well planned airdrop from a sybil perspective.Those criteria are easy to not hit as a real user, and easy to hit as a farmer, and had no anti-sybil program.Real users could easily use 1-2 dapps or only a handful of tokens on your… pic.twitter.com/PiqprIbKJ3
我喜欢 zkSync 的家伙,但该死,从 sybil 的角度来看,这不是一次精心策划的空投。作为一个真正的用户,这些标准很容易不被击中,作为一个农民,很容易被击中,并且没有反 sybil 程序。真正的用户可以轻松使用 1-2 个 dapp 或仅使用少量代币… pic.twitter.com/PiqprIbKJ3
Unfortunately, airdrop eligibility criteria are often easy for Sybil farmers to exploit. Protocols reward users with loyalty points and free tokens based on their fees to qualify for the airdrop rather than the amount of capital in their wallets. This means the more tasks a user completes, the more gas fees they pay and the more tokens they earn—especially when using multiple wallets.
不幸的是,空投资格标准通常很容易被 Sybil 农民利用。协议根据用户获得空投资格的费用而不是钱包中的资金量来奖励用户忠诚度积分和免费代币。这意味着用户完成的任务越多,他们支付的汽油费就越多,赚取的代币也就越多——尤其是在使用多个钱包时。
Some in the crypto space believe this loophole could be fixed using a linear airdrop distribution method. This approach calculates rewards based
加密领域的一些人认为这个漏洞可以使用线性空投分配方法来修复。该方法基于计算奖励
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